


Research guide for Chinese Historiography
Classical Historiography for Chinese History
中 國 經 典 文 獻 工 具 書 錄
Compiled by Benjamin A. Elman 艾 爾 曼
Professor of East Asian Studies and History, Princeton University
With the help of Nanping Cao (Fudan University), Pingyi Chu (Academia Sinica, Institute of History and Philology), Xiaoping Cong (University of Houston), Brandon Ermita (Princeton University), Jinsong Guo (Princeton University), Chao-Hui Jenny LIU (Princeton University), Miaw-fen Lu (Academia Sinica, Institute of Modern History), Sam Gilbert (UCLA, ABD), Marten Soderblom Saarela (Princeton), Adam Schorr (Ph.D., UCLA East Asian Languages and Cultures Department), Susan Schneller (School of Historical Studies, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), Tom Ventimiglia (Princeton University), and William Wooldridge (City College of NY).
Materials have also been included from bibliography courses at the University of Pennsylvania 1975-1977. Thanks are especially due Professors Susan Naquin, W. Allyn Rickett, and more recently Nathan Sivin. This new version of the website is now located at Princeton University and is hosted in the Library’s LibGuides East Asian Studies Portal. It has been updated and now includes three major new features:
1) All entries are alphabetized within each section;
2) The romanization has been switched to Pinyin. Although this website uses Pinyin, it splits up words into phonemes, making Chinese appear to be a monosyllabic language. The Library of Congress has preferred a character-by-character romanization, and thus we follow LOC guidelines. But users of this website should note that the division into words (ci 辭 or 詞) as opposed to characters (zi 字) is still the usual basis for the Pinyin romanization of Chinese in China and most libraries there.
3) The entire site is now searchable.
4) Cases where there are no topical subdivisions will be referred to as “All Content”.
All materials are under copyright: 1996 by Benjamin A. Elman.
Last Revision: October 2022
This list may be cited and reproduced for non-profit educational purposes only, provided credits and copyright are acknowledged. Links to this site should mention the Princeton University East Asian Library as the URL site and the compiler of the materials as the “author”.
Comments and suggestions?
(The opening image of reference books in the East Asian Gest Library most notably includes the Dai kanwa jiten 大漢和辞典 「Chinese-Japanese Dictionary」, by Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次, and others.)
Introduction to Chinese Historiography
Bibliography
- Bol, Peter K., Research Tools for the Study of Sung History. Binghamton: Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies, 1990.
- Chan, Albert, Chinese Books and Documents in the Jesuit Archives in Rome: A Descriptive Catalogue. Japonica-Sinica I-IV. M. E. Sharpe, 2001.
- Cole, James H., Updating Wilkinson: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works on Imperial China Published Since 1973. New York, 1991.
- —, Twentieth Century China: An Annotated Bibliography of Reference Works in Chinese, Japanese, and Western Languages. 2 vols. M. E. Sharpe, 2004.
- Farmer, Edward L., Romeyn Taylor, & Ann Waltner, Ming History: An Introductory Guide to Research. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis History Department, 1995.
- Hucker, Charles O., China: A Critical Bibliography. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1962.
- Loewe, Michael, Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1994.
- She hui ke xue gong ju shu qi qian zhong 社 會 科 學 工 具 書 七 千 種 (Seven Thousand Varieties of Research Aids in the Social Sciences). Shanxi ren min chu ban she 陜 西 人 民 出 版 社.
- Wen shi gong ju shu ci dian 文 史 工 具 書 詞 典 (Dictionary of Research Aids in Literature & History). Compiled by Zhu Hongxi 朱 鴻 熹 , et al. Zhejiang gu ji chu ban she 浙 江 古 籍 出 版 社, 1990.
- Wilkinson, Endymion, Chinese History: A New Manual. Fifth edition. Cambridge: Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 84, 2018.
- —, The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: Harvard East Asian Monograph, 1973.
- Wu Xiaoxin, Christianity in China: A Scholars Guide to Resources in the Libraries and Archives of the United States. 2nd edition. M. E. Sharpe, 2006.
- Zhongguo gong ju shu da ci dian 中 國 工 具 書 大 詞 典 (Dictionary of Chinese research aids). Compiled by Yang Mu-chih 楊 牧 之 et al. Heilongjiang ren min chu ban she 黑 龍 江 人 民 出 版 社 , 1993.
- Zhongguo li shi gong ju shu zhi nan 中 國 工 具 書 指 南 (Guide to Chinese History Reference Works). Compiled by Lin Tiesen 林 鐵 森. Beijing: Beijing chu ban she, 1992.
- Zurndorfer, Harriet T., China Bibliography: A Research Guide to Reference Works about China Past and Present. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995.
General Dictionaries
- Ci hai 辭 海. Compiled by Shu Xincheng 舒 新 城 and others. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1937. Frequently reprinted. New version revised by Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui. Xianggang: Zhonghua shu ju, 1989.
- Ci yuan 辭 源. Compiled by Lu Erkui 陸 爾 奎 and others. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1955. Frequently reprinted. New version revised by Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Henan Ci yuan xiu ding zu, and Shang wu yin shu guan bian ji bu. 4 vols. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1979-1984.
- Courveur, Seraphin, Dictionnaire classique de la langue chinoise. Hsienhsien: Press de la Mission Catholique, 1890. Taipei reprint, 1966.
- Dai Kanwa jiten 大 漢 和 辭 典 (Encyclopedic Chinese-Japanese Dictionary) 13 vols. Compiled by Morohashi Tetsuji 諸 橋 轍 次. Tokyo: Taishukan shoten, 1955-60. The best multi-volume Chinese-Japanese dictionary of classical Chinese. Biased toward philosophy, religion, and Buddhism in particular.
- Giles, Herbert Allen, Chinese-English Dictionary. 2 vols. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1912 (Later editions in 1 vol).
- Guo yu ci dian 國 語 辭 典. Compiled by the Zhongguo ci dian bian zuan chu 中 國 辭 典 編 纂 處. 8 vols. Shanghai: Commerical Press 1948. Taipei reprint in 4 vols.
- Guo, Zhengzhong 郭 正 忠, Zhongguo quan heng du liang san zhi shi si shi ji 中 國 權 衡 度 量 三 至 十 四 世 紀 (Chinese Weights and Measures: 3rd to 14th centuries). Beijing: She hui ke xue, 1993.
- Han yu da ci dian 漢 語 大 辭 典 Complied by Luo Zhufeng 羅 竹 風 Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she, 1987.
- Han yu da zi dian 漢 語 大 字 典. Compiled by Han yu da zi dian wei yuan hui. Wuhan: Hubei ci shu chu ban she, 1986.
- Mathews, Robert Henry, Mathews’ Chinese-English Dictionary. Rev. ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944. Dated, and no longer recommended for specialists or beginners.
- Qiu, Guangming 丘光明, Zhongguo li dai du liang heng kao 中 國 歷 代 度 量 衡 考 (Study of historical weights and measures in China through the dynasties). Beijing: Ke xue, 1992. Another standard and comprehensive study of historical weights and measures.
- For Chinese weights and measures, see Wu, Chengluo, 1937: Zhongguo du liang heng shi 中 國 度 量 衡 史 (History of Chinese metrology). 2d printing, Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1957. Wu gives detailed tables with citations for every type of measure.
- Zhong wen da ci dian 中 文 大 辭 典 (Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Chinese Language). Compiled under the direction of Zhang Qiyun 張 其 昀. 40 vols. Taipei: The Institute of Advanced Chinese Studies, 1962. Represents a Chinese translation of the Dai Kanwa jiten 大 漢 和 辭 典.
Biography
- Ajia rekishi jiten 亞 細 亞 歷 史 事 典 (Historical Dictionary of Asia, 10 vols). Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1962.
- Er shi si shi ji zhuan ren ming suo yin 二 十 四 史 紀 傳 人 名 索 引. Compiled by Zhang Chenshi 張 忱 石 , Wu Shuping 吳 樹 平. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1980.
- Er shi wu shi ren ming suo yin 二 十 五 史 人 名 索 引 (An Index to the Names of People in the Twenty-Five Histories). Compiled by Zhang Xichen 章 錫 琛. Shanghai: Kai ming shu ju, 1935.
- Franke, H., Sung Biographies. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1976.
- Giles, Herbert A., A Chinese Biographical Dictionary. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1898. Taipei reprint 1971.
- Goodrich, L. Carrington, ed. Dictionary of Ming Biography. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1976.
- Gu jin ren wu bie ming suo yin 古 今 人 物 別 名 索 引 (An Index to the Different Names of Famous Chinese, Ancient and Modern). Compiled by Chen Deyun 陳 德 蕓. Canton: Lingnan University Library, 1937. Taipei reprint 1969.
- Gu, Tinglong 顧 廷 龍 , Zhongguo li da ren wu nian pu kao lu 中 國 歷 代 人 物 年 譜 考 錄 . Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1992.
- Hummel, Arthur W., ed., Eminent Chinese of the Ch’ing Period (1644-1912). 2 vols. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1943-1944. Reprinted in 1 vol. by Cheng Wen Press in Taiwan, 1966.
- Li dai ren wu nian li tong pu 歷 代 人 物 年 里 通 譜 (A Comprehensive Chronology of Famous Chinese). Compiled by Yang Jialuo 楊 家 駱. Taibei: Shi jie shu ju, 1963.
- Qing ren shi ming bie cheng zi hao suo yin 清 人 室 名 別 號 字 號 索 引. Compiled by Yang Tingfu 楊 廷 福. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 1988.
- Shi ming bie hao suo yin 室 名 別 號 索 引. Compiled by Chen Naiqian 陳 乃 乾. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1982.
- Taga, Akigoro 多 賀 秋 五 郎 , Sofu no kenkyu 宗 譜 の 研 究 (A study of genealogies). Tokyo: Toyo bunko, 1960.
- Zhongguo jin xian dai ren wu ming hao da ci dian 中 國 近 現 代 人 物 名 號 大 辭 典. Compiled by Chen Yutang 陳 玉 堂. Hangzhou: Zhejiang gu ji chu ban she, 1993.
- Zhongguo ren ming da ci dian 中 國 人 名 大 辭 典 (Biographical Encyclopedia of China). Compiled by Fang Yi 方 毅 and others. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1934. Frequently reprinted.
- Zhongguo wen xue jie da ci dian 中 國 文 學 家 大 辭 典 (Encyclopedia of Chinese Scholars). Compiled by Tan Zhengbi 譚 正 璧. Shanghai: Guang ming shu ju, 1934. Frequently reprinted. Many chronological errors.
Chronology
- Dong, Zuobin 董 作 賓, Chronological Tables of Chinese History. 2 vols. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.
- Tchang, Matthias, Synchronismes chinois. Shanghai: Mission Catholique, 1905 (Varietes Sinologiques, no. 24). Taipei reprint, 1967.
- Zhang Peiyu 張培瑜, San qian wu bai nian li ri tian xiang三 千 五 百 年 歷 日 天 象 (Three thousand five hundred years of astronomical and chronological tables). 鄭 州 Zhengzhou, 1997. Covers 1500 B.C. to A.D. 2050 with unprecedented precision.
Official Titles
- Chang, Fu-jui, Les Fonctionnaires des Song, index des titres. Paris: Mouton et Compagnie, 1962.
- De Crespigny, Rafe, Official Titles of the Former Han Dynasty. Canberra: Australia National University Press, 1967.
- Des Rotours, Robert, Traite des fonctionnaires et traite del’armee. 2 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1947.
- Hucker, Charles O., A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985. Now the standard reference book.
- Li dai zhi guan biao 歷 代 職 官 表 (A Chronological Listing of Offical Titles). Compiled by Ji Yun 紀 昀. First published during the Qianlong period (1736-1795). Frequently reprinted.
- Zhongguo fa lu zhi du shi yan jiu tong lan 中 國 法 律 制 度 史 通 覽 (Comprehensive view of Research on Chinese legal and institutional history). Tianjin: 天 津 教 育 出 版 社 , 1989.
- Zhongguo li dai guan zhi da ci dian 中 國 歷 代 官 職 大 詞 典 (Greater dictionary of Chinese official offices throughout the dynasties), compiled by Lu Zongli 呂 宗 力 . Beijing: Beijing chu ban she, 1995. ISBN 7-200-01635-7/2-170.
Book Titles
- Kanseki sosho jozai mokuroku 漢 籍 叢 書 所 在 目 錄. Toyo bunken chushin 東 洋 文 獻 中 心, 1965.
- Si ku quan shu zong mu ji wei shou shu mu yin de 四 庫 全 書 總 目 及 未 收 書 目 引 得 (Index to the Catalog of the Si ku quan shu and to the Books that were not printed in that Collection). 2 vols. Compiled by James Ware and revised by Weng Tu-chien. Peking, 1932 (Harvard-Yenching Index Series, No. 5).
- Yi wen zhi er shi zhong zong he yin de 藝 文 志 二十 種 綜 合 引 得 (Combined Index to the Twenty Dynastic Bibliographies). 4 vols. Compiled by William Hung and others. Peking, 1933 (Harvard-Yenching Index Series, No. 10)
- Zeng ding Si ku jian ming mu lu biao zhu 增 定四 庫 簡 明 目 錄 標 注 (Additions and Corrections to the Standard Commentary on the Abbreviated Book List of the Ssu-k’u). Compiled by Shao Yichen 邵 懿 辰. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1959.
- Zhongguo cong shu zong lu 中 國 叢 書 綜 錄 (Comprehensive Descriptive Catalog of Book Collections). Compiled by the Shanghai Library. 3 vols. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1959. See under Collectanea.
Geography
- Chun qiu zhan guo di tu 春 秋 戰 國 地 圖 (Atlas of the Spring and Autamn and Warring States Periods). Compiled by Deng Xingju 鄧 興 鉅. Wuchang, 1911.
- Hermann, Albert, Historical and Commercial Atlas of China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1935. New ed. by Aldine Publishing Co. , Chicago, 1966. It also appears as An Historical Atlas of China.
- Li dai yu di tu 歷 代 輿 地 圖 (Historical Atlas of China). Compiled by Yang Shoujing 楊 守 敬 and Xiong Huizhen 熊 會 貞. Published 1906.
- Shinego, Aneki 重 野 安 繹, Shina kyoiki enkakuzu 支 那 疆 域 沿 革 圖 (Historical Altas of China). Tokyo, 1906.
- Zhongguo gu jin de ming da ci dian 中 國 古 今 地 名 大 辭 典 (Encyclopedic Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names in China). Compiled by Zang Lihe 臧 勵 龢 and others. Shanghai: Commerical Press, 1930. Taipei reprint 1966.
Exercise Files
All Content
Sinological Toolkit is organized into the eleven components of Professor Benjamin Elman’s graduate seminar, East Asian Studies 513 “Classical Historiography for Chinese and East Asian History, 1000-1900” 中國經典文獻工具書錄及使用練習.
1. Dictionaries
Buddhist Terms
- Buswell, Robert E., Jr. and Donald S. Lopez, Jr. The Princeton dictionary of Buddhism. With the assistance of John Ahn, J. Wayne Bass, William Chu, Amanda Goodman, Hyoung Seok Ham, Seong-Uk Kim, Sumi Lee, Patrick Pranke, Andrew Quintman, Gareth Sparham, Maya Stiller, Harumi Ziegler. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.
- Ding Fubao 丁福保 , compiler. Fo xue da ci dian 佛學大辭典 . Shanghai: Shanghai yi xue shu ju, 1921.
- Fo guang da ci dian 佛光大辭典. Taibei: Fo guang chu banbshe 佛光出版社, 1989. Reprint Beijing: Shu mu wen xian chu ban she, 1993.
- Mochizuki Shinko 望月信亨. Bukkyo daijiten 佛教大辭典. Tokyo: Bukkyo Daijiten Hakkojo, 1932-1964.
- Oda Tokuno. Bukkyo daijiten 佛教大辭典. Tokyo: Okura shoten, 1920.
- Soothill, William E., & Lewis Hodous. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1937.
- Zengaku daijiten 禪學大辭典. Compiled by Komazawa University. Tokyo: Taishukan shoten, 1987.
Character Dictionaries
- Jian hua zi zong biao jian zi 簡化字總表檢字. Honkong: San lian shu dian Xianggang fen dian, 1972.
- Shu dao liu ti da zi dian 書道六體大字典. For calligraphy forms.
- Wang, Yankun 王彥坤, Li dai bi hui zi hui dian 歷代避諱字彙典 . Di 1 ban 版 Zhengzhou Shi 鄭州市: Zhongzhou gu ji chu ban she 中國古籍出版社, 1997. For taboo characters 諱字.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean words and phrases
- Ci hai 辭海. Revised edition by Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui. Hong Kong: Zhonghua shu ju, 1989.
- Ci yuan 辭源. Revised edition by Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Henan i yuan xiu ding zu, and Shang wu yin shu guan bian ji bu. Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1979-1984.
- Ding Fubao 丁福保, compiler. Shuo wen jie zi gu lin 說文解字詁林. Shanghai: Yu wen shu ju, 1930.
- Duan Yucai 段玉裁. Shuo wen jie zi zhu 說文解字注. : Yi wen yin shu guan, 1970.
- Fu Dingyi 符定一, compiler. Lian mian zi dian 聯綿字典.S Beijing: Jing hua yin shu ju, 1943.
- Guo yu ci dian 國語辭典. Compiled by the Zhongguo ci dian bian zuan chu 中國辭典編纂處. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1948. Originally published in 1943 in 8 volumes. Frequently reprinted. Now available in abbreviated single volume called Han yu ci dian 漢語辭典 and by other names.
- He Cho 何焯, et al, compilers. Pian zi lei bian 駢字類編. Completed in 1726.
- Hoshi Ayao 星斌夫, compiler. Chugoku shakai keizaishi goi 中國社會經濟史語匯. Kindai Chugoku kenkyu senta, 1966. Social and economic terms.
- Hu Yingyuan 胡應元 . Zhongguo shi xue ci hui 中國史學辭匯 (Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Historical Terminology). Taibei : Hua xiang yuan chu ban she, 1992.
- Kangxi zi dian 康熙字典. Compiled under imperial auspices by Zhang Yushu 張玉書, Chen Tingjing 陳廷敬 et al. Completed 1716.
- Kondo Moku 近藤疼, compiler. Chugoku gakugei daijiten 中國學藝大辭典. Tokyo: Motomoto sha, 1959.
- Kuraishi Takeshiro, compiler. 仓石武四郎Iwanami Chugokugo jiten 岩波中國語辭典. Iwanami Shoten, 1963. Modern literary terms.
- Lu Danan 陸澹安, compiler. Xiao shuo ci yu hui shi 小說辭語匯釋 . Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1964. Classical novels and fiction.
- Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次 , compiler. Dai kanwa jiten 大漢和辭典 . 13 vols. Tokyo: Taishokan shoten, 1955-60. New edition, published in 1984-1986.
- Han-Han tae sajŏn 漢韓大辭典 (Great Chinese-Korean dictionary; Seoul: Tan’guk Taehakkyo ch’ulp’anbu, 1999-2008; sixteen volumes): Similar to the Dai Kan-Wa jiten 大 漢和辞典 (Great Chinese-Japanese dictionary) in its presentation of definitions and citing of sources; the preface (vol. 1, p. 2) to the dictionary explicitly relates the Han-Han tae sajŏn with Morohashi’s 諸橋 dictionary. The Han-Han tae sajŏn does not cite any Korean sources, and is no more useful for research on the Chosŏn than are other general dictionaries of Classical Chinese.
- Han’guk hanchaŏ sajŏn 韓國漢字語辭典 (Dictionary of Korean classical Chinese; Seoul: Tan’guk Taehakkyo ch’ulp’anbu, 1992-1996; four volumes): Explicitly a dictionary of Classical Chinese as it was used in Korea, citing only Korean sources as basis for its definitions. The dictionary’s vernacular Korean explanations are more elaborate than those in the Han-Han tae sajŏn 漢韓大辭典, and its practice in citing sources is as rigorous as that found in Morohashi or its Korean counterpart Han-Han tae sajŏn. Han’guk hanchaŏ sajŏn is arguably the best dictionary for specifically Korean classical Chinese terms, although it is not comprehensive.
- Pei Xuehai 裴學海. Gu shu xu zi ji shi 古書虛字集釋. Taibei: Guang wen shu ju, 1962.
- Song Yuan yu yan ci dian 宋元語言辭典 (Song-Yuan dictionary of language). Shanghai, 1985.
- Wang Yunwu 王 云 五 , compiler. Wang Yunwu da ci dian 王云五大辭典. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1956.
- Wu Lianming 吳廉銘. Zhonghua cheng yu ci dian 中華成語詞典. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1949.
- Xiang Guangzhong 向光忠, compiler. Zhonghua cheng yu da ci dian 中華成語大詞典 . Changchun: Jilin wen shi chu ban she, 1986.
- Xin Yi 辛夷 , & Cheng Zhiwei 成志偉, compilers. Zhonghua dian gu da ci dian 中華典故大詞典. Beijing: Yanshan chu ban she, 1991.
- Zhang Yushu 張玉書, et al., compilers. Pei wen yun fu 佩文韻府. 7 vols. Published in 1711. Reprinted by Shanghai shang wu yin shu guan. Works consulting for classical allusions.
- Zhang Zilie 張自烈, compiler. Zheng zi tong 正字通 . Useful for 4-corners codes of Chinese characters in an index organized by total stroke number.
- Zheng Jingyi 鄭競毅, & Peng Shi 彭時, compilers. Fa lu da ci shu 法律大辭書. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936. Old legal terms.
- Zhong wen da ci dian 中文大辭典 (The Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Chinese Language). Compiled by the Zhong wen da ci dian bian zuan wei yuan hui 中文大辭典編纂委員會 . Taibei: Zhongguo wen hua yan jou suo, 1962-70. About 40 volumes; the most comprehensive dictionary in Chinese.
- Zhongguo cong shu zong lu 中國叢書綜錄. Look under Collectanea.
- Zhuang Weisi (Wallace Johnson), compiler. Pian zi lei bian yin de 駢字類編引得. Taibei: Zong jing xiao si ku shu ju, 1966.
Chinese-Western
- Bilancia, Philip R. Dictionary of Law and Administration in Communist China. Seattle: University of Washington School of Law, 1967. (Mimeograph). Legal terms in tradition.
- Brunnert, H.S., & V.V. Hagelstrom, Present Day Political Organization of China. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1912. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1971.
CEDICT Chinese-English Dictionary This link opens in a new window
This website is a continuation of the CEDICT project started by Paul Denisowski. It aims to provide a complete Chinese to English dictionary with pronunciation in pinyin for the Chinese characters. The text file can be downloaded to a computer, PalmPilot, or mobile phone. Separate programs (available on the site) allow searching. Available in GB or Big 5.Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary This link opens in a new window
by Rick Harbaugh. Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998. New Features: Chinese Discussion Board; Chinese Characters Dictionary Web. Readings now include: Dao De Jing, The Analects, Doctrine of the Mean, The Great Learning, Classic of Filial Piety, The Art of War – Sunzi, Ballad of Mulan, Tang Poems, Diary of a Madman – Lu Xun. All characters in this dictionary are “CLICKABLE”.
Chinese-English Dictionary Online This link opens in a new window
Up-to date dictionary for Classical Chinese usage from 500 BCE to 1000 CE, compiled by Paul Kroll and many other specialists.
- Chinese-Latin Dictionary, 1745. A two volume set compiled by Catholic missionaries in Beijing used from the mid 18th century onward for translation projects. Donated by Sir George Staunton to the Royal Asiatic Society in 1824. Estimated completion of conservation to be end of 2015. See brief report at: http://royalasiaticsociety.org/conservation-of-latin-chinese-manuscript-dictionary-a-progress-report/
- Couvreur, S. J. Dictionaire classique de la langue chinoise. Second Edition, 1911.
- Current Chinese Communist Newspaper Terms and Sayings. Berkeley: Center for Chinese Studies, 1971.
- DeFrancis, John, ed. The ABC Chinese-English Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. Contains, as Appendix 1, “Basic Rules for Hanyu Pinyin Orthography, by the Commission for Pinyin Orthography, State Language Commission, PRC.” The document is in English. Among the many interesting features of this new dictionary is the arrangement of entries. Basically, arrangement is by pinyin spelling of whole terms rather than by spelling of syllables. Thus lingwai [ling wai] precedes linzhong [lin zhong] because g comes before z. For terms having the same sequence of letters, such as shishi, arrangement is by tone of the first syllable: first-neutral, first-first, first-second, first-third, first-fourth; second-neutral, second-first, and so on.
- Dobson, W.A.C.H. A Dictionary of the Chinese Particles, with a prolegomenon in which the problems of the particles are considered and they are classified by their grammatical functions Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974. Reprint Taibei, 1976.
- Fenn, Courtenay Hughes. The Five Thousand Dictionary. Beijing: 1940. (Revised American Edition) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944. Good for romanization.
- Giles, Herbert A. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Second edition. Shanghai: 1912. Good for 19th-century documents.
- Guo Zhengzhong 郭正忠. Zhongguo quan heng du liang san zhi shi si shi ji 中國權衡度量三至十四世紀 (Chinese Weights and Measures: fourth to 14th centuries). Beijing: She hui ke xue, 1993.
- Huang Yen-kai. A Dictionary of Chinese Idiomatic Phrases. Hong Kong: Eton Press, 1967. Identifies sources of 成語.
- Instituts Ricci (Paris-Taibei). Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise. Paris and Taibei: Instituts Ricci, 2001. This extremely useful dictionary includes 6 volumes with over 13,500 entries and over 300,000 compounds, plus an additional volume of reference material. Also see Le Grand Ricci electronic dictionary.
- Joint Publications Research Service (No. 20, 904). Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Communist Chinese Usage. (Second Edition) Washington: U. S. Department of Commerce, 1965. Based a on German-Chinese dictionary.
- Karlgren, Bernhard. Grammata Serica Recensa. Stockholm: The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1957.
- Lin Yutang. Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972. Good for pronunciation; poor for PRC materials. Separate Wade-Giles index also available from Chinese University of Hong Kong. More accurate then Mathew’s (see below), distinguishes modern from classical usages, and gives best English equivalent for Chinese phrases.
- Mathews, Robert Henry. A Chinese-English Dictionary. Compiled for the China Inland Mission. Shanghai: 1931. (Revised American Edition) Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944. Phonetic Renderings are at times confusing; meanings are often just specific instances. Popular, but not recommended.
- Mayers, William Frederick. The Chinese Government. Third edition. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1897. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1966. Ch’ing dynasty.
- Modern Chinese-English Technical and General Dictionary. 3 vols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963. Not well organized.
- Petillon, Corentin. Allusions litteraires. Varietes sinologiques No. 8. Shanghai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, 1895.
- Qiu Guangming 丘光明. Zhongguo li dai du liang heng kao 中 國歷代度量衡考 (Study of historical weights and measures in China through the dynasties). Beijing: Ke xue, 1992. Another standard and comprehensive study of historical weights and measures.
- Schuessler, Axel. A Dictionary of Early Zhou Chinese. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987
- Sun, E-tu Zen. Ch’ing Administrative Terms. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961.
- U.S. War Department. Chinese Military Dictionary: Chinese-English, English-Chinese. Washington, 1944.
- Williams, Wells. A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language. Tong Zhou: 1912. Large number of individual characters with a wide range of meanings.
- Wong, Sybil. Dictionary of Chinese Communist Agricultural Terminology. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1968.
- Wu Chengluo. Zhongguo du liang heng shi 中 國度量衡史 (History of Chinese metrology). Shanghai: Shang wu, 1937. Second printing. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1957. For Chinese weights and measures, see , 1937: Wu gives detailed tables with citations for every type of measure.
Education, Thought, History
- Chen Kaochun, ed. Zhongguo gu dai jun shi wen hua da ci dian 中國古代軍事文化大辭典 . Beijing: Chang cheng chu ban she, 1992.
- Hihara Toshikuni 日原利國 , ed. Chugoku siso jiten 中國思想辭典. Tokyo: Kenbun shuppan 研文出版 , 1984
- Hu Yinyuan 胡應元 , ed. Zhongguo shi xue ci hui 中國史學辭匯 (Chinese-English dictionary of Chinese historical terminology). 2 vols. Taibei: Hua xiang yuan, 1992.
- Li Chengzhong, ed. Jiao yu ci dian 教育辭典. Harbin: Heilongjiang ji shu chu ban she, 1989.
- Tai Yi 戴逸, ed. Er shi si shi da ci dian 二十四史大辭典. Jilin: Ren min chu ban she, 1992.
- Zhao Yongji 趙永紀 et al., Qing dai xue shu ci dian 清代學術辭典 (Dictionary of Qing dynasty scholarship). Beijing: Xue yuan chu ban she, 2004.
- Zhongguo wen hua shi da ci dian 中國文化史大詞典 . Compiled by Shanghai shi fan da xue gu ji zheng li yan jiu suo. Taibei: Yuan liu, 1989
Electronic dictionaries
CEDICT Chinese-English Dictionary This link opens in a new window
This website is a continuation of the CEDICT project started by Paul Denisowski. It aims to provide a complete Chinese to English dictionary with pronunciation in pinyin for the Chinese characters. The text file can be downloaded to a computer, PalmPilot, or mobile phone. Separate programs (available on the site) allow searching. Available in GB or Big 5.Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary This link opens in a new window
by Rick Harbaugh. Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998. New Features: Chinese Discussion Board; Chinese Characters Dictionary Web. Readings now include: Dao De Jing, The Analects, Doctrine of the Mean, The Great Learning, Classic of Filial Piety, The Art of War – Sunzi, Ballad of Mulan, Tang Poems, Diary of a Madman – Lu Xun. All characters in this dictionary are “CLICKABLE”.Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants 異 體 字 字 典 This link opens in a new window
Maintained by the Mandarin Promotion Council, Ministry of Education, R.O.C. Requires knowledge of Chinese. Good alternative to the Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 or other alternatives. Very good for taboo characters associated with names of emperors.A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms This link opens in a new window
by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous.
Digital Dictionary of Buddhism This link opens in a new window
The chief editor of this dictionary is Charles Muller of the Toyo Gakuen University. The introduction explains: “This dictionary is a compilation of Buddhist terms, texts, temple, schools, persons, etc. found in Buddhist canonical sources… Since my basic area of interest concerned the Chinese Buddhist canon, the orientation of the dictionary has been toward East Asian sources, and therefore the dictionary was known during its first 15 years of existence, as the Dictionary of East Asian Buddhist Terms (DEABT). Realizing, however, that a large portion of the content was actually concerned with Indian and other cultural manifestations of Buddhism, and not wanting to discourage potential collaborators with other orientations, we renamed it, in 2001, to the present Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (DDB). Thus, while there is a basic layer of East Asian terminology, since much of what East Asian Buddhists have written about is the Buddhism of India, Central Asia, and Tibet, the content of this database/dictionary/encyclopedia/translation glossary is intended to be pan-Buddhist in character.” Login required. A limited number of searches is available to all, but for more extensive use the editors ask that you contribute information to the site.
The Encyclopedia of Taoism (sample entries) This link opens in a new window
It contains about 250 terms of waidan (“external alchemy”) chosen among the most common names of substances, instruments, operations and other basic terminology. See also:
Grand Ricci Online This link opens in a new window
Le Grand Ricci is to all purposes the most comprehensive bilingual dictionary of Chinese (into French) in the Western world. It covers three millennia of the Chinese language, from the Classics to the modern age, and is encyclopedic in its scope. The compilers were able to draw on the full range of French sinological expertise in completing the project, and has paid especially attention to specialized terms in a wide variety of fields (religion, medicine etc.) It contains 13,392 main entries (single characters) and 280,000 expressions (or Chinese words composed of a set of characters). Entries can be looked up by Chinese character, by romanization (pinyin), by radical and strokes, and by the total number of strokes.
Guoyu cidian 國 語 辭 典 This link opens in a new window
in Big 5 codePLECO Chinese Dictionary This link opens in a new window
PLECO Chinese Dictionary (basic) can be downloaded for free for the iPhone, iPad, iPod and Android. This app is very convenient for looking things up on the go. Additional features may be purchased on its websiteRu xue ci dian 儒 學 詞 典 (Dictionary of Confucian literati learning) This link opens in a new window
Organized with short entries according to the following key words: 1) 經 典 (Texts); 2) 注 疏 (Commentaries); 3) 人 物 (Personalities); 4) 概 念 (Concepts).
Geographical dictionaries
- Da Qing yi tong zhi 大 清 一 統 志. Third revised edition of 1843. Jiaqing chong xiu yi tong zhi 嘉 慶 重 修 一 統 志 . Si bu cong kan 四 部 叢 刊 . Second Series. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1934. Photo duplicated from original manuscript by Commercial Press which has also added a supplementary index. Basic work of its kind treating Chinese historical geography until 1820.
- Feng Chengjun 馮 承 鈞. Xi yu di ming 西 域 地 名. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1955. Very useful for identification of Chinese rendering of non-Chinese place names in western Asia.
- Gu Yanwu 顧 炎 武.Tian xia jun guo li bing shu 天 下 郡 國 利 病 書.
- Gu Zuyu 顧 祖 輿. Du shi fang yu ji yao 讀 史 方 輿 紀 要 .
- Hoshi Ayao 星 斌 夫, compiler. Shina chimei jiten 支 那 地 名 辭 典 . Tokyo: Fuzanbo, 1941.
- Jin Enhui, & Hu Shuzhao, eds. Zhongguo di fang zhi zong mu ti yao 中 國 地 方 志 綜 目 提 要 (General digest of Chinese gazetteers). 3 vols. Taibei: Han mei tu shu you xian gong si, 1996. Lists 8577 gazetteers geographically, with information on authorship, dating and contents.
- Liu Junren 劉 鈞 任, compiler. Zhongguo di ming da ci dian 中 國 地 名 大 辭 典 . Beijing: Guo li Beiping yan jiu yuan, 1930. Very handy due to romanized index. Reprint Taibei: Wen hai, 1967.
- Manual of Chinese-Manchurian Personal and Place Names. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards Brothers, 1943.
- Playfair, M.H. The Cities and Towns of China: A Geographical Dictionary. Second Edition. Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, 1910. Standard work in English. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1971.
- Saishin Chuka Minkoku Manshu Teikoku jinmei chimei binran 最 近 中 華 民 國 滿 洲 帝 國 人 名 地 名 , Taimusu Shuppansha hensan. Compiled by Taimusu Shuppansha. Tokyo: Taimusu Shuppansha, 1939.
- Tsiang, Amy Ching-fen, & Hong Cheng, compilers. A Catalog of Post-1949 Chinese Local Histories at UCLA. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles East Asian Library, 1997.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. Mainland China Administrative Divisions and Their Seats, Official Standard Names Approved by Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1963. See Berton, Peter, & Eugene Wu. Contemporary China: A Research Guide. Edited by Howard Koch, Jr. Stanford: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, 1967, p. 184, #414.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. China: Official Standard Names Approved by the U. S. Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1956. Two volumes (979 pp.) containing some 37,600 entries exclusive of Hong Kong, Macao, Sinkiang, Taiwan, and Tibet.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. Hong Kong, Macao, Sinkiang, Taiwan, and Tibet: Official Standard Names Approved by the U. S. Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
- Wright, Hope. Alphabetical List of Geographic Names in Sung China. Paris: Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, 1956. Reprint Albany: Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, 1992.
- Yue shi 樂 史. Tai ping huan yu ji 太 平 寰 宇 記.
- Zhejiang gu jin di ming ci dian 浙 江 古 今 地 名 詞 典 (Dictionary of ancient and modern place names in Zhejiang Province). Compiled by Chen Qiaoyi 陳 橋 驛 . Hangzhou: 浙 江 教 育 出 版 社 , 1991.
- Zang Lihe 臧 勵 龢 , et al., compilers. Zhongguo gu jin di ming da ci dian 中 國 古 今 地 名 大 辭 典 . Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1930. More comprehensive than the CHGIS (see below) but not as easy to use. Also does not have some of the names listed in the above. Reprints Taibei: Taiwan shang wu, 1972; Hong Kong: Shang wu, 1982. .
China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project This link opens in a new window
The China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project was launched in December 2000, with funding from the Luce Foundation. The CHGIS will establish a standardized coding system to identify historical administrative units for different periods in Chinese History, and will also provide a base GIS platform for researchers to use for spatial analysis,temporal statistical modeling, and representation of selected historical units as digital maps. The project will begin with several temporal slices from the Qing Dynasty and work backwards in time, allowing for additional information about intervening points in time to be added at any stage in the process. The objective is to create a flexible tool that can be used to investigate any sort of geographically specific data related to China. The CHGIS geocodes can be used as unique identifiers in databases, or to mark up texts, which will enable users to import their own datasets into the CHGIS platform. Users will be able to sort, query, and display their data, for different historical periods, or at different levels of aggregation. In addition, the CHGIS is designed to allow for alternate versions of both feature attribute tables, and their related spatial objects. This will enable users to create their own interpretations of historical administrative changes, should they wish to do so, and to store them in a separate spatial data table. In this way, alternate versions and interpretations of Chinese History can be displayed, overlayed, compared, and analyzed statistically. Similarly, alternate feature data tables can be associated with the spatial data in CHGIS, which could be used to generate tables and maps in different languages, or for analysis of highly specialized data, such as environmental change, population studies, the spread of religions, historical linguistics, etc.
Immortals, Mythology, Symbols
- Dai Yuanchang 戴源長. Xian xue ci dian 仙學辭典. Taibei: Zhu zhe zi kan, 1962.
- Eberhard, Wolfram. A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought. Translated by G.L. Campbell. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1988..
- Werner, E. T. C. A Dictionary of Chinese Mythology. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1932.
- Williams, C. A. S. Encyclopedia of Chinese Symbolism and Art Motives. New York: The Julian Press, 1960.
Japanese names
- Riben xing ming ci dian 日本姓名詞典 . Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1979.
- O’Neill, P.G. Japanese Names: A Comprehensive Index by characters and Readings. New York: Weatherhill 1972
Literature and Music
- Liu Chengfu 劉誠甫, compiler. Yin yue ci dian 音樂辭典. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1935.
- Mayers, William F. The Chinese Readers Manual. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1874.
- Tang Song ci jian shang ci dian 唐宋詞鑒賞辭典. Nanjing: Jiangsu gu ji chu ban she, 1986.
- Yang Bojun 楊伯峻 . Chun qiu Zuo zhuan ci dian 春秋左傳詞典. Beijing: Xin hua shu dian, 1985.
Medical and Natural sciences
- Chen Xihe 陳西河. Zhong yi ming ci ci dian 中醫名詞辭典. Taibei: Wu zhou chu ban she, 1974.
- Du Yaquan 杜亞泉 et al., compilers. Zhi wu xue da ci dian 植物學大辭典. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1938.
- Ou Ming 歐明. Han ying Zhong yi ci dian 漢英中醫辭典. Hong Kong: San lian shu ju, 1988.
- Read, Bernard E. Chinese Materia Medica. Beijing: Peking Natural History Bulletin, 1931-1941.
- —- and C. Pak. Minerals and Stones. Beijing: Peking Natural History Bulletin, 1936.
- —-. Chinese Medicinal Plants. Beijing: Peking Natural History Bulletin, 1936.
- Tessenow, Hermann, and Paul U. Unschuld. A Dictionary of the Huang Di nei jing su wen. (Huang Di nei jing su wen Project.). Includes searchable CD-ROM. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2008.
- Xie Guan 謝觀 . Zhongguo yi xue da ci dian 中國醫學大辭典. Shanghai: The Commercial Press, 1927. Now out of date. The Zhong yi da ci dian below is a much better reference source.
- Yu Yunxiu 余云岫. Gu dai ji bing ming hou shu yi 古代疾病名候疏義. Beijing: Ren min chu ban she, 1953.
- Yuan Yixiang 原一祥, Han Ying shuang jie Zhong yi da ci dian 漢英雙 解中醫大辭典 (“Chinese-English Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine”). Beijing: 人 民 衛 生 Press. An important recent arrival. Simplified characters. Arranged in stroke order, with pinyin and English indexes. Includes 8760 items chosen from TCM textbooks and explained in detail in both Chinese and English. By far the most comprehensive Chinese-English medical dictionary, aside from a couple of grossly incompetent ones published in the U.S. Definitions are generally aware of multiple meanings. This book reliably transmits the understanding of the present-day TCM practitioner. It is emphatically not, however, a historical dictionary, and cannot be used uncritically for reading premodern texts.
- Zhong yi da ci dian 中醫大辭典 (Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine), compiled by 中國中醫研究院廣州中醫學院 . Published by Ren min wei sheng 人民衛生 Press, 1995. Now the best reference book of its kind.
2. Geographical Aides
Atlases
- Cao Wanru, et al., ed. Zhongguo gu dai di tu ji 中 國 古 代 地 圖 集 (An atlas of ancient maps in China). Beijing: Wen wu chu ban she, Xin hua shu dian, 1990-. Multivolume series.
- Elvin, Mark, & Caroline Blunden. Cultural Atlas of China. Oxford: Equinox Book, 1983.
- Fuchs, Walter. The “Mongol Atlas” of China by Chu Ssu-pen and the Kuang-yu-t’o. Beijing: Fu Jen Catholic University Press, 1946. Contains 48 facsimile maps dating from 1555.
- Herrmann, Albert. Historical and Commercial Atlas of China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1935. Taiwan Reprint. Poor.
- Herrmann, Albert. An Historical Atlas of China. Edingburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1966.
- Hu Linyi 胡 林 翼 , et al., compilers. Da Qing yi tong yu tu 大 清 一 統 輿 圖. Completed about 1863. See Teng, Ssu-yu, & Knight Biggerstaff. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, pp. 222-223 for a description of this famous Qing atlas. Arranged by sections.
- Jin Qingyu 金 擎 於 and others, Zhongguo fen sheng xin di tu 中 國 分 省 新 地 圖. Shanghai: Da Zhongguo tu shu ju, 1947.
- Matsuda Toshio 松 田 壽 男. Ajia rekishi chizu 亞 細 亞 歷 史 地 圖. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1966. Excellent historical atlas for Asia.
- Shigeno Yasutsugu 重 野 安 繹. Shina kyoiki enkakuzu 支 那 疆 域 沿 革 圖. Tokyo: Fuzanbo, 1906. Very good historical atlas of China usually listed in catalogs under Chinese rendition of title, Zhina jing yu yan ge tu.
- Ting, K. (Ding Wenjiang) 丁 文 江, et al. Zhonghua Minguo xin di tu 中 華 民 國 新 地 圖. Shanghai: Shanghai Shen-pao kuan, 1934. The best atlas for Republican China. An abbreviated version of this atlas was published at the same time under the title Zhongguo fen sheng xin tu 中 國 分 省 新 圖. Has romanized table.
- Tan Qixiang 譚 其 驤. Zhongguo li shi di tu ji 中 國 歷 史 地 圖 集. 8 vols. Shanghai: Xin hua shu dian, 1975.
- U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. China: Provisional Atlas of Communist Administrative Units. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services, 1959. See Berton, Peter, & Eugene Wu. Contemporary China: A Research Guide. Edited by Howard Koch, Jr. Stanford: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, 1967,p. 182, # 409.
- U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Communist China Administrative Atlas. Washington, D. C. : 1969. The most recent atlas of Communist China available showing the most recent administrative units.
- U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. Communist Map Folio. Washington, D. C. : 1967.
- Yang Shoujing 楊 守 敬, & Xiong Huizhen 熊 會 貞, compilers. Li dai yu di tu 歷 代 輿 地 圖. Yang shi Guan hai tang edition of 1906-1911. This is the most famous of Chinese historical atlases. The place names for each period are printed in black on a Qing map printed in red. The Ming dynasty volume has been reprinted and mounted as a full map under the title Ming di li zhi tu 明 地 理 志 圖 published by the Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, Inc. of Taibei.
- Zhang Qiyun 張 其 昀, ed. Gong fei qie ju xia de Zhongguo da lu fen sheng di tu 共 匪 竊 據 下 的 中 國 大 陸 分 省 地 圖. Originally published in Shanghai and republished by the Guo fang yan jiu yuan, Taibei, 1956. Excellent reproduction of a Communist atlas.
- Zhonghua min guo you zheng yu tu 中 華 民 國 郵 政 輿 圖 (The Postal Atlas of China). 4th edition. Compiled by the Chinese Directorate-General of Posts. Nanking: Jiao tong bu you zheng zong ju, 1935.
- Zhonghua ren min gong he guo fen sheng di tu ji 中 華 人 民 共 和 國 分 省 地 圖 集. Compiled by Zhongguo di tu chu ban she. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she, 1990.
Bibliography
- Brook, Timothy, Geographical Sources of Ming-Ch’ing History. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press, 1991.
- Gosling, L. A. Peter. Maps, Atlases and Gazetteers for Asian Studies, A Critical Guide. New York: Foreign Area Materials Center, University of the State of New York, State Education Department, 1965.
- Herman, Theodore. The Geography of China: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography. New York: Foreign Area Materials Center, University of the State of New York, State Education Department, 1967. Works in English.
- Wright, Hope. Alphabetical List of Geographic Names in Sung China, Paris: Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, 1956. Reprint Albany: Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, 1992.
Electronic resources
China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project This link opens in a new window
The China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project was launched in December 2000, with funding from the Luce Foundation. The CHGIS will establish a standardized coding system to identify historical administrative units for different periods in Chinese History, and will also provide a base GIS platform for researchers to use for spatial analysis,temporal statistical modeling, and representation of selected historical units as digital maps. The project will begin with several temporal slices from the Qing Dynasty and work backwards in time, allowing for additional information about intervening points in time to be added at any stage in the process. The objective is to create a flexible tool that can be used to investigate any sort of geographically specific data related to China. The CHGIS geocodes can be used as unique identifiers in databases, or to mark up texts, which will enable users to import their own datasets into the CHGIS platform. Users will be able to sort, query, and display their data, for different historical periods, or at different levels of aggregation. In addition, the CHGIS is designed to allow for alternate versions of both feature attribute tables, and their related spatial objects. This will enable users to create their own interpretations of historical administrative changes, should they wish to do so, and to store them in a separate spatial data table. In this way, alternate versions and interpretations of Chinese History can be displayed, overlayed, compared, and analyzed statistically. Similarly, alternate feature data tables can be associated with the spatial data in CHGIS, which could be used to generate tables and maps in different languages, or for analysis of highly specialized data, such as environmental change, population studies, the spread of religions, historical linguistics, etc.
As part of the CHGIS Project, several useful free search utilities, i.e., non-interactive, are available online:
- Contemporary Counties – Search a list of all 3,389 official Chinese county level administrative units for the year 1990. Based on the National Standard (Guobiao Table #2260), this search engine provides the County names in Pinyin and Chinese Characters (BIG5 encoding) and their corresponding GB code number.
- Local Histories – Local Histories (difang zhi) held in the Harvard Yenching Library collection can be searched by Province or by title (Wade-Giles romanization). There are 3,700 searchable records of local histories online, which provide title, author, date and publisher information, as well as HYL call numbers. This is only a partial list of HYL holdings, which we hope to expand in the future.
- Harvard Map Collection – East Asian Map series have been cataloged by CHGIS and can be searched by Chinese region or by keyword. The map index represents some 29,000 map sheets held in the Harvard Pusey Map Library. In addition to title, date, and publication info, the index provides a description of the map series, Pusey Library call numbers, and rough guide maps showing the area of coverage.
- Qing Dynasty Place names – Some 9,000 place names for the year 1820 can be searched with direct links to CHGIS webmaps. Each record displays the place names (in Pinyin and Chinese Characters, UTF-8 encoding), the prefecture and province where the place is located, and an automatic guidemap showing where the place is located within China and within its respective province. Users may also launch an interactive guide map for zooming and browsing the GIS data.
- Chinese Place names Database – 140,000 place names (including variations) for more than 80,000 named features in China are available in a streamlined search engine based on the U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency dataset. This utility is useful to look up names in Pinyin, Wade-Giles, or Variant romanized forms. Results include an automatic guidemap (showing the general location of the place), the latitude and longitude coordinates, and the feature type.No special software or plug-ins are needed to use the search engines. For those who wish to have direct access to the complete atasets, including GIS layers, all CHGIS data is available for free download to academic users. CHGIS users may also obtain the data on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM for the CHGIS Version 1.0 has been available for $7.50 (plus postage) from the Cheng & Tsui Company
- As of November 2003, the project has added time-series geographic datasets for the years 222 BCE to 1911 CE (covering Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu), revised time-slice datasets for all of the Qing empire as of 1820 CE, and new time-slice datasets for seven provinces as of 1911 CE (Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu). One can access the data by download or by purchase of a CD Rom (available from Cheng and Tsui).The CHGIS Version 2.0 Time Series contains 45 layers of data covering: Prefecture Capitals, County Capitals, Towns and Villages, County Boundaries, Prefectural Boundaries, Province Boundaries, Rivers, Lakes, Historical Coastline, Topographic Background Images, administrative hierarchy table, source notes, and numerous other GIS layers. These datasets, and software for viewing them, are also available for free download from the CHGIS website, and can be searched online using the CHGIS search engine. As new time-series data sets and time-slice data for other regions are finished they will be made available through the CHGIS website.
- For a parallel project under Academia Sinica, Taiwan, see mention of the “Chinese Civilization in Time and Space” project immediately below.
See also:
Chinese Civilization in Time and Space. This link opens in a new window
Based on the requirements of multi-disciplinary research applications. The goal of this system at Academia Sinca, Taiwan, in the Institute of History and Philology, is to construct an integrated GIS-based application infrastructure on the spatial extent of China, in the timeframe of Chinese history, and with the contents of Chinese civilization. Although target users of this system are primarily set to be scholars, academic experts, and school teachers, most general spatial- and temporal-based applications are also provided. They are expecting to establish a feedback mechanism of collecting research and application results continuously to fertilize contents and elaborate the value of information integration for users. For example, UC, Berkeley, has established a mirror server at the East Asian Library for the use of scholars and students there. For information, contact Dr. I-chun Fan at: [email protected].
- Note: The creation of the “Chinese Civilization in Time and Space” project is mainly based on Professor Tan Qixiang’s The Historical Atlas of China and the 1:1,000,000 Digital Map Database of China (Arc/China). The copyright of the former is owned by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Academia Sinica, Taiwan, has been exclusively licensed to vectorize it. The copyright of the vectorized The Historical Atlas of China belongs to Academia Sinica and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The copyright of the 1:1,000,000 Digital Map Database of China (Arc/China) belongs to the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, P.R.C. Academia Sinica, Taiwan, has been authorized to integrate it with the vectorized The Historical Atlas of China, and make it available to specific scholarly organizations and persons for academic purposes. Users of the “Chinese Civilization in Time and Space” project should acknowledge the copyright as the follows: Academia Sinica, “Chinese Civilization in Time and Space,” Version 1, (Taipei, September 2002). See also mention of the Harvard-Yenching China Historical Geographic Information System project above.
China In Time And Space (CITAS) This link opens in a new window
A project initiated by William Lavely to create and maintain databases of spatially- and temporally-referenced data on China. CITAS aims to provide access to a wealth of contemporary and historical information on China at minimal cost to scholars and other non-commercial users. The project utilizes state-of-the-art geographic information system (GIS) technology to integrate tabular and vectorized map data. An unusual aspect of CITAS is its emphasis on the temporal dimension: one project goal is the capability of reconstructing Chinese administrative geography for specific historical dates, and the ability to compare spatial data at two points in time, whether over years or over centuries. Collaboration with Chinese scholars and organizations is integral to the project goals. CITAS is a partnership of China scholars, sponsored by the Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (JCCS), and the Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN)- Available in interactive form from Rice University. Users can click on this 18th century map of the world to zoom in for detailed views of particular areas. Richard J. Smith provides a description of the map and its history.
Historical and Commercial Atlas of China This link opens in a new window
By Albert Herrmann. Originally published by Harvard in 1935. 59 digitized maps of China, including maps of prehistoric sites, Zhou through Qing dynasties, maps of capital cities (including Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Beijing), and numerous maps of commercial activities, especially for the Republican period.Regional Systems Analysis at UC Davis This link opens in a new window
Organized by the G.W. Skinner Research Team, Department of Anthropology Young Hall, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA. An interdisciplinary research team led by professors of anthropology, geography, and history is conducting spatial analyses of regional systems in contemporary China as well as early modern Japan and France. For each project they are constructing a spatial framework, referred to as Hierarchical Regional Space (HRS), building on central place theory from Christaller and regional systems theory from von Thunen. Geographic information systems (GIS) and statistical tools facilitate modeling the core-periphery structures of macroregional systems at multiple hierarchical scales. In the societies under analysis here, the HRS model provides a useful framework for explaining the spatial variation in many demographic and ecological phenomena.- The maps included in this database are from the Special Collections of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Library. The Antique Maps of China collection includes more than 230 maps, charts, pictures, books and atlases. It represents almost all samples of China maps produced by European cartographers from the 16th to 19th centuries.
Place name dictionaries and gazetteers
- Da Qing yi tong zhi 大 清 一 統 志. Third revised edition of 1843. Jiaqing chong xiu yi tong zhi 嘉 慶 重 修 一 統 志 . Si bu cong kan 四 部 叢 刊 . Second Series. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1934. Photo duplicated from original manuscript by Commercial Press which has also added a supplementary index. Basic work of its kind treating Chinese historical geography until 1820.
- Feng Chengjun 馮 承 鈞. Xi yu di ming 西 域 地 名. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1955. Very useful for identification of Chinese rendering of non-Chinese place names in western Asia.
- Gu Yanwu 顧 炎 武.Tian xia jun guo li bing shu 天 下 郡 國 利 病 書.
- Gu Zuyu 顧 祖 輿. Du shi fang yu ji yao 讀 史 方 輿 紀 要 .
- Hoshi Ayao 星 斌 夫, compiler. Shina chimei jiten 支 那 地 名 辭 典 . Tokyo: Fuzanbo, 1941.
- Jin Enhui, & Hu Shuzhao, eds. Zhongguo di fang zhi zong mu ti yao 中 國 地 方 志 綜 目 提 要 (General digest of Chinese gazetteers). 3 vols. Taibei: Han mei tu shu you xian gong si, 1996. Lists 8577 gazetteers geographically, with information on authorship, dating and contents.
- Liu Junren 劉 鈞 任, compiler. Zhongguo di ming da ci dian 中 國 地 名 大 辭 典 . Beijing: Guo li Beiping yan jiu yuan, 1930. Very handy due to romanized index. Reprint Taibei: Wen hai, 1967.
- Manual of Chinese-Manchurian Personal and Place Names. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards Brothers, 1943.
- Playfair, M.H. The Cities and Towns of China: A Geographical Dictionary. Second Edition. Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh, 1910. Standard work in English. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1971.
- Saishin Chuka Minkoku Manshu Teikoku jinmei chimei binran 最 近 中 華 民 國 滿 洲 帝 國 人 名 地 名 , Taimusu Shuppansha hensan. Compiled by Taimusu Shuppansha. Tokyo: Taimusu Shuppansha, 1939.
- Tsiang, Amy Ching-fen, & Hong Cheng, compilers. A Catalog of Post-1949 Chinese Local Histories at UCLA. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles East Asian Library, 1997.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. Mainland China Administrative Divisions and Their Seats, Official Standard Names Approved by Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1963. See Berton, Peter, & Eugene Wu. Contemporary China: A Research Guide. Edited by Howard Koch, Jr. Stanford: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, 1967, p. 184, #414.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. China: Official Standard Names Approved by the U. S. Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1956. Two volumes (979 pp.) containing some 37,600 entries exclusive of Hong Kong, Macao, Sinkiang, Taiwan, and Tibet.
- U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Geography. Hong Kong, Macao, Sinkiang, Taiwan, and Tibet: Official Standard Names Approved by the U. S. Board on Geographic Names. Washington, D. C. : U. S. Government Printing Office, 1955.
- Wright, Hope. Alphabetical List of Geographic Names in Sung China. Paris: Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, 1956. Reprint Albany: Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, 1992.
- Yue shi 樂 史. Tai ping huan yu ji 太 平 寰 宇 記.
- Zhejiang gu jin di ming ci dian 浙 江 古 今 地 名 詞 典 (Dictionary of ancient and modern place names in Zhejiang Province). Compiled by Chen Qiaoyi 陳 橋 驛 . Hangzhou: 浙 江 教 育 出 版 社 , 1991.
- Zang Lihe 臧 勵 龢 , et al., compilers. Zhongguo gu jin di ming da ci dian 中 國 古 今 地 名 大 辭 典 . Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1930. More comprehensive than the CHGIS (see below) but not as easy to use. Also does not have some of the names listed in the above. Reprints Taibei: Taiwan shang wu, 1972; Hong Kong: Shang wu, 1982. .
China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project This link opens in a new window
The China Historical Geographic Information System (CHGIS) project was launched in December 2000, with funding from the Luce Foundation. The CHGIS will establish a standardized coding system to identify historical administrative units for different periods in Chinese History, and will also provide a base GIS platform for researchers to use for spatial analysis,temporal statistical modeling, and representation of selected historical units as digital maps. The project will begin with several temporal slices from the Qing Dynasty and work backwards in time, allowing for additional information about intervening points in time to be added at any stage in the process. The objective is to create a flexible tool that can be used to investigate any sort of geographically specific data related to China. The CHGIS geocodes can be used as unique identifiers in databases, or to mark up texts, which will enable users to import their own datasets into the CHGIS platform. Users will be able to sort, query, and display their data, for different historical periods, or at different levels of aggregation. In addition, the CHGIS is designed to allow for alternate versions of both feature attribute tables, and their related spatial objects. This will enable users to create their own interpretations of historical administrative changes, should they wish to do so, and to store them in a separate spatial data table. In this way, alternate versions and interpretations of Chinese History can be displayed, overlayed, compared, and analyzed statistically. Similarly, alternate feature data tables can be associated with the spatial data in CHGIS, which could be used to generate tables and maps in different languages, or for analysis of highly specialized data, such as environmental change, population studies, the spread of religions, historical linguistics, etc.
China Comprehensive Gazetteers (1229-1949) This link opens in a new window
Chinese gazetteers are a very rich resource available for researching China in multiple aspects, including its political history, literature, and religion, as well as the biographies of famous personages, its culture, economic development and, of course, its geography and natural history. Because of its varied content, organized to principles also varying from title to title, full-text search capabilities change the way they can be used. The titles included in this particular database (approximately 7,000 titles, 100,000 volumes) have for a large part been compiled using Optical Character Recognition. Because of this automated process, which occasionally produces errors, the 4,000 titles which overlap with the Zhongguo fang zhi ku database, are probably best used in the latter (with much stricter authority control.) However, the China Comprehensive Gazetteers database includes at least 2,000 additional full-text searchable titles.
3. Biographical Searches
Dating Aids
- Chang Qiyun 張 其 昀 , & Yang Jialuo 楊 家 駱, compilers. Qing ren bie ji qian zhong bei zhuan wen yin de ji bei zhuan zhu nian li pu 清 人 別 集 千 種 碑 傳 文 引 得 及 碑 傳 主 年 里 譜. Taibei: Chinese Culture Academy, 1965.
- Chen Naiqian 陳 乃 乾 , compiler. Qing tai bei zhuan wen tong jian 清 代 碑 傳 文 通 檢. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1959. Cites sources of biographical information.
- Chen Yuan 陳 垣 , 1880-1971. Shi shi yi nian lu 釋 氏 疑 年 錄. Beijing : Zhonghua shu ju, 1964 (1988). For Buddhist biographies.
- Jiang Liangfu 姜 亮 夫, compiler. Li dai ming ren nian li bei zhuan zong biao 歷 代 名 人 年 里 碑 傳 總 表. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1937.
- Yang Jialuo 楊 家 駱, compiler. Li dai ren wu nian li tong pu 歷 代 人 物 年 里 通 譜. Taibei: Shih chieh shu ju, 1963. Cites sources of biographical information.
Electronic Resources
- Established by The Institute of History & Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei. It provides biographical notes for over 14800 historical figures in Qing Dynasty.
傳記文學全文資料庫 Biography Literature Database This link opens in a new window
Helps to fill the breach of modern Chinese official history. An important historical database of more than 130 million characters, it also serves as a core reference of dissertations on Chinese Republican history, 1911-1949. It includes autobiography, critical biography, memoirs, exclusive historical data, diaries, handwriting, and oral history, etc.
JapanKnowledge Lib This link opens in a new window
Jinbutsu Sōsho is a collection of biographies of historical figures in Japan edited by the Nihon Rekishi Gakkai (The Society of Japanese history). It is accessible on JapanKnowledge, listed under JKBooks. It contains 270 volumes/persons from ancient to contemporary times within a wide range of areas such as politics, economics, literature, religion and art.
A new function , “Knowledge Searcher” enables a user to perform cross-referencing searches with other encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other book series in the JapanKnowledge Lib. When you have turned on this option, selecting a word in the text results in a pop-up window showing you occurrences of that word in other databases within JapanKnowledge. Full-text searching is of course also available, and you can use a vertical reading mode.
Indices
- Chang Bide 昌 彼 得 , compiler. Ming ren zhuan ji zi liao suo yin 明 人 傳 記 資 料 索 引 (Index of Ming biographical materials). Second Edition. Taibei: Zhong yang tu shu guan, 1978.
- Chen Deyun 陳 德 蕓 , compiler. Gu jin ren wu bie ming suo yin 古 今 人 物 別 名 索 引. Canton: Lingnan University Library, 1937. A list of pseudonyms and alternate names.
- Chen Naiqian 陳 乃 乾 , collector, & Tao Yuying 陶 毓 英 , compiler. Shi ming bie hao suo yin 室 名 別 號 索 引, including supplement 補 遺. Gong du lou 共 讀 樓 edition, 1933. New version, Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1982.
- Du Lianzhe 杜 連 , & Fang Zhaoying 房 兆 楹 , compilers. San shi san zhong Qing dai zhuan ji zong he yin de 三 十 三 種 清 代 傳 記 綜 合 引 得. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1932. An index to 33 collections of the Qing-dynasty biographies.
- Er shi wu shi ren ming suo yin 二 十 五 史 人 名 索 引 (Index of names in the twenty-five dynastic histories). Erh shi wu shi kan xing wei yuan hui 二 十 五 史 刊 行 委 員 會. Shanghai: Kai ming shu dian, 1935.
- Qing shi 清 史. Edited by Qing shi bian zuan wei yuan hui 清 史 編 纂 委 員 會. Taibei: Kuo fang yan jiu yuan, 1960. See end of Volume VIII.
- Rachewiltz, Igor de, & May Wang, compilers. Index to Biographical Material in Chin and Yuan Literary Works, second series. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1972.
- Rowe, David Nelson, et al., compilers. Index to Qing dai chou ban yi wu shi mo 清 代 籌 辦 夷 務 始 末 索 引. Hamden, Conn. : The Shoe String Press, Inc., 1960.
- Tang Jizong, compiler. Ba shi jiu zhong Ming dai zhuan ji zong he yin de 八 十 九 種 明 代 傳 記 綜 合 引 得 (Combined indices to eighty nine collections of Ming Dynasty biographies). 3 vols. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1935.
- Wang Deyi 王 德 毅 , compiler. Qing ren bie ming zi hao suo yin 清 人 別 名 字 號 索 引. Taibei: Chung wen Press, 1985.
- Yang T’ing-fu 楊 廷 福 , ed. Qing ren shi ming bie cheng zi hao suo yin 清 人 室 名 別 稱 字 號 索 引. Shanghai: Gu ji chu ban she, 1988.
- Yuan Yongjin 袁 涌 進 , compiler. Xian dai Zhongguo zuo jia bi ming lu 現 代 中 國 作 家 筆 名 索 引. Originally published by Beiping: Beiping Zhonghua tu shu guan xie hui, 1936. Republished by Tokyo: Daian, 1968.
- Zhongguo jin xian dai ren wu ming hao suo yin 中 國 近 現 代 人 物 名 號 索 引.
- Zhou Junfu 周 駿 富 , compiler. Qing ren zhuan ji cong kan suo yin 清 人 傳 記 叢 刊 索 引. Taibei: Ming wen shu ju, 1986.
Pseudonyms
- Chen Deyun 陳 德 蕓 , compiler. Gu jin ren wu bie ming suo yin 古 今 人 物 別 名 索 引. Canton: Lingnan University Library, 1937. A list of pseudonyms and alternate names.
- Chu Pao-liang. Twentieth Century Chinese Writers and Their Pen Names. Taibei: Center for Chinese Studies, 1989. Contains 18,000 pen names of 6,784 writers in 2 vols.
- Liu Bingli 劉 炳 藜, compiler. Zhong wai ren ming ci dian 中 外 人 名 辭 典. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1940. Useful for identifying foreign names, especially of important foreigners living in China.
- Ming ren zhuan ji zi liao suo yin 明 人 傳 記 資 料 索 引. Taiwan National Central Library, Taibei: Wen shi zhe Press, 1965.
- Shang Chengzuo 商 承 祚 , & Huang Hua 黃 華 , compilers. Zhongguo li dai shu hua zhuan ke jia zi hao suo yin 中 國 歷 代 書 畫 篆 刻 家 字 號 索 引. Beijing: Ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1960. 2 volumes. Volume II contains a list of persons whose alternate names have been indexed. The index itself gives dates and other factual material as well as identifying the alternate name.
- Shi Menglan 史 夢 蘭, compiler. Yi hao lei bian 異 號 類 編. Pref. dated 1859. Zhi yuan cong shu 止 園 叢 書, v. 17-20.
- Shi ming bie hao suo yin 室 名 別 號 索 引. Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1982.
- Shu, Austin C. W. Modern Chinese Authors: A List of Pseudonyms. East Lansing, Michigan: Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University, 1969. Lists over 2000 pseudonyms used by modern Chinese authors.
- Wang Baoxian 王 寶 先, compiler Li dai ming ren nian pu zong mu 歷 代 名 人 年 譜 總 目. Hong Kong: Long men shu dian, 1965. An index to chronological biographies of eminent Chinese. Qing and Republican Period are readily available.
- Wang Deyi 王 德 毅 , compiler. Qing ren bie ming zi hao suo yin 清 人 別 名 字 號 索 引. Taibei: Chung wen Press, 1985.
- Yan Maogong 嚴 懋 功, compiler. Qing dai zheng xian lei bian 清 代 徵 獻 類 編. 2 vols. Taibei: Zhonghua shu ju, 1968. Volume I contains a list of Qing dynasty jin shi 進 士 arranged according to traditional rhyme system. Volume II lists major offices and their incumbants year by year.
- Yang Dianxun 楊 殿 詢 , compiler. Zhongguo li dai nian pu zong lu ji xu bian 中 國 歷 代 年 譜 總 錄 及 續 編 . Beijing: Shu mu wen xian chu ban she, 1980.
- Yang Jialuo 楊 家 駱, compiler. Li dai ren wu bie shu ju chu ming tong jian 歷 代 人 物 別 署 居 處 名 通 檢. Taibei: Shi jie shu ju, 1962. Lists over 6000 names.
- Yuan Yongjin 袁 涌 進 , compiler. Xian dai Zhongguo zuo jia bi ming lu 現 代 中 國 作 家 筆 名 錄 . Originally published by Beiping: Beiping Zhonghua tu shu guan xie hui, 1936. Republished by Tokyo: Daian, 1968. Used by Austin Shu.
- Zhongguo xian dai ren wu bi ming ci dian 中 國 現 代 人 物 筆 名 詞 典 . Beijing Library, 1985.
Reference Works
- Biographies of Kuomintang Leaders. Committee on International and Regional Studies, Harvard University, Privately mimeographed, 1948. Contains biographies of 460 persons. It is a translation of a Chinese Communist Party publication, “A List of the Various Cliques among Members of the Central Committees Elected by the 6th Congress of Kuomintang, 1945.” Out of date.
- Boorman, Howard L., & Richard C. Howard. Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. 4 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967-71. An index of personal names in the collection was put out by Janet Krompart at Columbia University Press in 1979.
- Chen Bangxian 陳 邦 賢, & Yan Lingzhou 嚴 菱 舟. Zhongguo yi xue ren ming zhi 中 國 醫 學 人 名 志 (Medical Biographies for China) . Beijing: Ren min wei sheng chu ban she, 1956.
- Chen Daojin 陳 道 瑾, & Xue Weitao 薛 渭 濤. Jiangsu li dai yi ren zhi 江 蘇 歷 代 醫 人 志 (Kiangsu Medical Biographies). Nanjing: Jiangsu ke xue ji shu ju ban she, 1985.
- Chen Yutang, ed. Zhongguo jin xian dai ren wu ming hao da ci dian 中 國 近 現 代 人 物 名 號 大 辭 典 . Hangzhou: Zhejiang gu ji chu ban she, 1993.
China Biographical Database Project (CBDB) This link opens in a new window
In conjunction with Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Beijing University, and Harvard-Yenching Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA. Language: Chinese ; English. Cited description: “[…] an online relational database with biographical information about approximately 40,000 individuals as of July 2008, primarily from the seventh through fourteenth centuries. The data is meant to be useful for statistical and spatial analysis as well as serving as a kind of biographical reference. The long term goal of CBDB is systematically to include all significant biographical material from China s history and to make the contents available free of charge, without restriction, for academic use.” Contents: (1) Home; (2) History of the CBDB; (3) Collaborating Institutions and Editorial Committee; (4) Methodological Issues; (5) Mapping and Analyzing CBDB Data; (6) Structure of Data; (7) Work Progress; (8) Download CBDB Data; (9) Conferences and Papers; (10) First International Workshop on Biographical Databases for China’s History; (11)Discussion Forum; (12) FAQ; (13) Chinese Homepage. Availability: Free. For more Biographical Databases, see:
- China Weekly Review, Who’s Who in China. Shanghai: 5th edition 1937. Supplement 1940. 6th edition 1950. Generally limited information.
- Chu Pao-liang, ed. Twentieth Century Chinese Writers and Their Pen Names. 2 vols. Taibei: Center for Chinese Studies, 1989.
- Directory of Chinese Communist Officials. Washington: March, 1966. Head of title describes this work as an “Intelligence Research Aid” of the U.S. Government. Supplementary volume: Reference Aid, Directory of Chinese Communist Party Officials: Provincial, Municipal and Military. Washington: April, 1969. List of officials in office. This work does not provide detailed biographies.
- Fang Yi 方 毅 , et al., compilers. Zhongguo ren ming da ci dian 中 國 人 名 大 辭 典. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1934. Reprint Taibei: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1966.
- Franke, Herbert ed. Sung Biographies. 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Steiner Verlag, 1976.
- Fujita Masanori 藤 田 正 典, Gendai Chugoku jimbutsu hyo 現 代 中 國 人 物 表. Tokyo: Daian, 1969. Lists over 1600 persons and gives bibliographic info for further sources.
- Fukusha seishi sakuin 復 社 姓 氏 索 引. Compiled at Kyoto University by the Institute of Humanistic Studies, the “Late Ming Early Ch’ing Society and Culture Research Group,” 1995.
- Gendai Chugoku jimmei jiten 現 代 中 國 人 名 辭 典. Comp. by the Kazankai 霞 山 會 under supervision of the Asia Bureau of the Japanese Foreign Ministry. Tokyo: Kazankai, 1966. Over 13,000 entries; the most comprehensive work of its kind. A new edition is in the process of publication. Minimal information.
- Giles, Herbert A. A Chinese Biographical Dictionary. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1898.
- Goodrich, L. Carrington, & Fang Chao-ying, Dictionary of Ming Biography. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
- Hashikawa Tokio, compiler. Chugoku bunkakai jimbutsu soran 中 國 文 化 界 人 物 總 覽. Peking: Chuka horei heninkan, 1940. Lists over 5000 names of people mostly living at the time (1920’s + 30’s).
- Hu Zhengzhi 胡 正 之, compiler. Zhongguo di hao biao ti yi lan 中 國 帝 號 標 題 一 覽. Beijing: Yenching University, 1939.
- Huang Zongxi 黃 宗 羲. The Records of Ming Scholars 明 儒 學 案. Translated by Julia Ching, et al. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.
- 2 vols. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943-44. The electronic version is a beta version of an online database containing all the biographies in Hummel and is is available at the Dartmouth College Qing Research Portal, coordinated by Pamela Crossley. The database is searchable, although some functions are still in the works. Users are required to download some software (for free).
- Klein, Donald W. Who’s Who of Communist China. New York: 1959. 3 volumes mimeographed containing about 450 biographies.
- Klein, Donald, & Anne B. Clark. Biographic Dictionary of Chinese Communism, 1921 1965. 2 vols. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971. Contains over 500 biographies of influential Communists from the founding of the Party to 1965.
- Li Jie 李 藉, compiler. Zhong xi dui yi Riben xian dai ren ming di ming biao 中 西 對 譯 日 本 現 代 人 名 地 名 表. Chongqing: Zheng zhong shu ju, 1945.
- Li Shengping 李 盛 平 . Zhongguo gong chan dang ren ming da ci dian 中 國 共 產 黨 人 名 大 辭 典 . Beijing: Zhongguo guang bo chu ban she, 1991.
- Loewe, Michael, ed. A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC AD 24). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2000.
- O’Neill, P.G. Japanese Names: A Comprehensive Index by Characters and Readings. New York.: Weatherhill, 1972 .
- Namba Tsuneo 難 渡 常 雄, compiler. Shina jimmei jisho 支 那 人 名 辭 書. Tokyo: 1929. Three volumes, list about 24,000 names from ancient times to the Qing. Character index at end.
- Pan Asian Newspaper Alliance, Asia Who’s Who. Hong Kong: (3rd edition) 1960. Contains 600 biographies of Chinese on the Mainland, 270 on Taiwan, 50 from Hong Kong, and 70 from Malaysia and Singapore.
- Perleberg, Max. Who’s Who in Modern China. Hong Kong: Ye Olde Printerie, 1954. Contains more than 2,000 biographical sketches covering the period from the beginning of the Republic to 1953, but unreliable and must be used with care.
- Riben xing ming ci dian 日 本 姓 名 詞 典 . Beijing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1979.
- Shen Zhihong 沈 治 宏, et al., compilers. Song Biographies in Local Gazetteers. 4 vols. Chengdu: Sichuan ci shu chu ban she, 1997. Includes over 2,200,000 words. It contains more than 100 thousand biographic items, collected from the Song Yuan fang zhi cong kan 宋 元 方 志 叢 刊 , Tian yi ge Ming dai fang zhi xuan kan 天 一 閣 明 代 方 志 選 刊 , Tian yi ge Ming dai fang zhi xuan kan xu bian 天 一 閣 明 代 方 志 選 刊 續 編 , and Riben cang Zhongguo han jian di fang zhi cong kan 日 本 藏 罕 見 中 國 地 方 志 叢 刊 . Compiled at Chengdu Sichuan United University, Gu ji zheng li yan jiu suo.
- Tan Zhengbi 譚 正 璧 , et al., compilers. Zhongguo wen xue jia da ci dian 中 國 文 學 家 大 辭 典 (Dictionary of Chinese writers). Shanghai: Guang ming shu ju, 1934. Reprint Taibei: 世 界 書 局, 1967. Gives western dates, lists works.
- Union Research Institute. Who’s Who in Communist China. Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1966. Contains about 1200 biographies. Supplementary volume Hong Kong: Union Research Institute, 1969.
- Wixted, John Timothy, compiler. Japanese Scholars of China (A Bibliographical Handbook). Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1992.
- Wu, Eugene. Leaders of Twentieth Century China: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Biographical Works in the Hoover Library. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1956.
- Xu Youchun 徐 友 春, ed. Min guo ren wu da ci dian 民 國 人 物 大 詞 典 . Shijiazhuang: Hebei People’s Press, 1991.
- Zanning 贊 寧. Song Gao seng zhuan 宋 高 僧 傳 (Buddhist Biographies for Song).
- Zhong gong ren ming lu 中 共 人 名 錄. Compiled by the Zhonghua Minguo guo ji guan xi yan jiu suo 中 華 民 國 國 際 關 系 研 究 所. Taibei: Zhonghua min guo guo ji guan xi yan jiu suo, 1967.
- Zhong gong ren ming lu 中 共 人 名 錄. Compiled by Zhong gong ren ming lu bian xiu wei yuan hui. Taibei: Guo li zheng zhi da xue guo ji guan xi yan jiu zhong xin, 1989.
Republic of China Electronic Biographical Sources, 1911-1949
傳記文學全文資料庫 Biography Literature Database This link opens in a new window
Helps to fill the breach of modern Chinese official history. An important historical database of more than 130 million characters, it also serves as a core reference of dissertations on Chinese Republican history, 1911-1949. It includes autobiography, critical biography, memoirs, exclusive historical data, diaries, handwriting, and oral history, etc.
Seals and Other Pictoral Sources
- Contang, Victoria 孔 達 , & Wang Jiquan 王 季 銓 . Maler-und Sammler-Stempel aus der Ming- und Ch’ing-Zeit 明 清 畫 家 印 鑒. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1940.
- Zhongguo li dai ren wu tu xiang suo yin 中 國 歷 代 人 物 圖 像 索 引 (Index to portraits of famous Chinese over the dynasties). Compiled by the Suzhou University Library. Nanjing: Jiangsu Educational Press, 1994. Contains the portraits of more than 4500 persons from antiquity to the end of the Qing dynasty published in 663 Chinese publications.
Women
- Chang, Kang-i Sun. “A Guide to Ming Ch’ing Anthologies of Women’s Poetry and Their Selection Strategies.” Gest Library Journal 5, 2 (1992): 119-60.
- Hu Wenkai 胡 文 楷 , compiler. Li dai fu nu zhu zuo kao 歷 代 婦 女 著 作 考 (Study of works written by women over the various dynasties). Revised edition. Shanghai: Ku chi Press, 1985.
- Idema, Wilt, and Beata Grant. The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial China. Cambridge: Harvard East Asian Monographs, 2004.
- Lee, Lily Xiao Hong, Clara Lau, Clara Wing-Chun Ho, & Clara Wing-Chung Ho, ed. Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: The Qing Period, 1644-1911, University of Hong Kong Libraries Publications, No 10.
- Lee, Lily Xiao Hong, & A. D. Stefanowski, ed. Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: The Twentieth Century. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2002.
- Peterson, Barbara, et al., ed. Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2000.
- Shi Shuyi 施 淑 儀 . Qing dai gui ge shi ren zheng lue 清 代 閨 閣 詩 人 徵 略 (Brief biographies of refined women poets from the Qing dynasty). Shanghai: Shanghai shu dian, 1987 reprint of 1922 original.
- Tsai, Kathryn, trans. Lives of the Nuns: Biographies of Chinese Buddhist Nuns from the Fourth to Sixth Centuries. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
- Wang Shuhuai 王 樹 槐, compiler. Jin dai Zhongguo fu nu shi Zhung wen zi liao mu lu 近 代 中 國 婦 女 史 中 文 資 料 目 錄 (Index to Chinese sources on modern Chinese women’s history). Taibei: Academia Sinica, Institute of Modern History, 1995.
- Wang Xiuqin 王 秀 琴 et al. Li dai ming yuan shu jian 歷 代 名 媛 書 簡 (Letters by renowned women through the dynasties). Changsha: Commercial Press, 1941.
- Xi Tianxiao 徐 天 嘯 . Shenzhou nu zi xin shi 神 州 女 子 新 史 (New history of women in the Divine Land). Taibei: Shi huo Press, 1988 reprint of 1913 original.
- Zheng Guangyi 鄭 光 儀 . Zhongguo li dai cai nu shi ge jian shang ci dian 中 國 歷 代 才 女 詩 歌 鑒 賞 辭 典 (Guide to poetry and songs by talented women through the dynasties). Beijing: Zhongguo gong ren Press, 1991.
Chinese Names of Western Scholars
4. Official & Institutional Titles
Buddhist titles
- Ch’en, Kenneth. Buddhism in China. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.
- —. The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973.
- Ding Fubao 丁 福 保 , compiler. Fo xue da ci dian 佛 學 大 辭 典 . Shanghai: Shanghai yi xue shu ju, 1921.
- Zanning 贊 寧 (919-1001). Da Song seng shi lue 大 宋 僧 史 略 (The Essential History of Great-Song Monks). Reprint Taibei: Xin wen feng, 1977; Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 1997(?).
General
- Hucker, Charles O. A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985. The high quality and reliability of Hucker as a single source for all of imperial China, which is also clear about historical changes, obviates–except for the Yuan dynasty–the need for using the guides listed below for individual dynasties. The latter produce idiosyncratic results for the same title, even though there was no change in the function it describes. Several of those listed below for Yuan, however, are not obsolete. The Yuan poses particular problems due to the nature of its dual Sino-Mongolian rule, its civil service, and its odd titles for sub-official functions.
- Li dai zhi guan biao 歷 代 職 官 表 (Tables of official positions throughout the dynasties)–see the note at end of this section.
- Zhong guo li dai guan zhi da ci dian 中 國 歷 代 官 職 大 詞 典 (Greater dictionary of Chinese official offices throughout the dynasties), compiled by Lu Zongli 呂 宗 力. Beijing: Beijing chu ban she, 1995. ISBN 7-200-01635-7/2-170.
Qin (221-206 BCE) and Han (206 BCE-220 CE)
- Bielenstein, Hans. The Bureaucracy of Han Times. Cambridge University Press, 1975.
- Creel, Herrlee G. The Origins of Statecraft in China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
- Chavannes, Edouard. Les memoires historiques de Se-ma Ts’ien, Vol. II, Appendice I, pp. 513-533. This appendix describes governmental organization in Ch’in and Han times, but it is rather sketchy and often fails to translate the titles mentioned.
- De Crespigny, Rafe. Official Titles of the Former Han Dynasty. Canberra: Australia National University Press, 1967.
- Dubs, Homer H. History of the Former Han Dynasty. This work represents the most comprehensive treatment of Han official titles, but, unfortunately, only three of the projected five volumes have been published. Therefore the index is still missing. However, an index to the titles mentioned in the first three voulmes has been prepared by Rafe De Crespigny, Official Titles of the Former Han Dynasty (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1967). Another key is to consult the Harvard-Yenching Sinological Index Series, No. 36 漢 書 及 補 注 綜 合 引 得 and compare its entries with Dub’s translation.
- Wang Yu ch’uan. “An Outline of the Central Government of the Former Han Dynasty.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, XII (1949), pp. 134-187. Discusses function as well as organization.
There are a number of specialized works such as Nancy Lee Swann, Food and Money in Ancient China and A. F. P. Hulsewe, Remnants of Han Law , which are very useful in that they frequently include the translation and discussion of titles not mentioned in Dub’s works.
- Swann, Nancy Lee. Food and Money in Ancient China: The Earliest Economic History of China to AD 25, Han Shu 24, with Related Texts Han Shu 91 and Shih-chi 129. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950.
- Hulselwe, A.F.P. Remnants of Han Law. Leiden: Brill, 1955.
Period of Disunion (220-581 CE)
There is no general aid which provides translations of titles for this period, but they more or less followed those of the Han and in turn served as a basis for those of the Tang. There are a number of translations (See Hans H. Frankel, Catalog of Translations from the Chinese Dynastic Histories for the period 220-960. ) including the following, which are of some assistance:
- Balazs, Etienne. Le traite economique du “Souei-Chou.” Leiden: Brill, 1953.
- —. Le traite juridique du “Souei-Chou.” Leiden, Brill, 1954.
- Bingham, Woodbridge. The Founding of the Tang Dynasty: The Fall of Sui and Rise of Tang, a Preliminary Survey. See especially Appendix C, “Outline of Sui Government, 607-618,” pp. 127-129.
- Fang, Achilles, trans. The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms (220-265). Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1952-65. Not much help.
Tang (618-907 CE)
- des Rotours, Robert. Traite des fonctionnaires et traite de l’armee, traduit de la Nouvelle histoire des T’ang (chap. XLVI-L) par Robert des Rotours. 2 vols. Leyde: E. J. Brill, 1947. Thoroughly annotated translation of treatises from the Xin Tang shu on the civil government and military establishment.
- des Rotours, Robert. Le traite des examens, traduit de la Nouvelle histoire des T’ang (chap. XLIV, XLV) par Robert des Rotours. Paris: E. Leroux, 1932.Contains further discussions of the offices outlined in the above.
- Kroll, Paul. “Basic Data on Reign Dates and Local Government.” T’ang Studies 5 1987, 95-104.
There are also many special works such as Bernard S. Solomon’s translation of the Veritable Record of the Tang Emperor Shun-tsung, Edwin G. Pulleyblank’sThe Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-shan, and Denis Twitchett’s Financial Administration under the Tang Dynasty which are also of considerable help.
- Pulleybank, Edwin G. The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-shan. London: Oxford University Press, 1955.
- Solomon, Bernard S., trans. Veritable Record of the Tang Emperor Shun-tsung. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955.
- Twichett, Denis. Financial Administration under the Tang Dynasty. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970
Five Dynasties (907-960 CE) and Liao (907-1126 CE)
The Five Dynasties generally continued the system of the Tang so the work of Robert des Rotours is largely valid for this period. Additional help can be obtained from such works as the two studies of Edward Schafer, The Empire of Min and “The History of the Empire of Southern Han,”, and Wang Gungwu’sThe Structure of Power in North China during the Five Dynasties.
- Schafer, Edward. The Empire of Min. Rutland, Vermont: Published for Harvard-Yenching Institute by C.E. Tuttle, 1954.
- —. “The History of the Empire of Southern Han,” pp. 339-269 in Soritsu Nijugoshunen Kinen Ronbunshu; Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun kagaku kenkyusyo, Kyoto University. Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jinbun Kagaku Kenkyujo, 1954.
- Wang Gunwu. The Structure of Power in North China During the Five Dynasties. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 1963. Reprint Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1967.
The Liao is covered by Karl A. Wittfogel and Feng Chia-hsiang in their History of Chinese Society: Liao (907-1125).
Song (960–1279 CE)
- Chang Fu-jui. Les fonctionnaires des Song, index des titres. Paris: Mouton et Compagnie, 1962. This is a comprehensive study.
- Kracke, Edward A. Jr. Civil Service in Early Song China, With Particular Emphasis on the Development of Controlled Sponsorship to Foster Administrative Responsibility. This work serves as a valuable supplement to that of Chang. Titles have been published separately.
- —. Translation of Song Civil Service Titles. Paris: Ecoles Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Centre de Recherches Historiques, 1957.
- —. Translation of Song Civil Service Titles, Classification Terms, and Governmental Organ Names. San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1978.
Jin (1115-1234 CE) and Yuan (1271-1368 CE)
Again there are no works which generally treat the titles of these periods. This is unfortunate because there tends to be a greater degree of variation than is usual for succeeding periods. For the Jin some comparison with Wittfogel and Feng is helpful. For the Yuan consult particularly Endicott-West and Rachewiltz below:
- Ch’en, Paul Heng-chao Chinese Legal Tradition Under the Mongols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
- Endicott-West, Elizabeth, Mongolian Rule in China. Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1989.
- Farquhar, David, The Government of China under Mongolian Rule (Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990).
- Hucker, Charles O. “The Yuan Contribution to Censorial History.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, extra vol. no. 4 (1960), 219-227.
- Rachewiltz, Igor de, et al. In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yuan Period (1200-1300). Asiatische Forschungen, 121. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1993. 37 biographies, some of small groups, extensive biography, 4 indexes.
- Schurmann, Herbert F. Economic Structure of the Yuan Dynasty. Harvard-Yenching Institute Studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956.
- Ratchnevsky, Paul Un code des Yuan. 4 vols. Paris: College de France, 1972-85.
- David Farquhar, The Government of China under Mongolian Rule (Franz Steiner Verlag, 1990).
Ming (1368-1644 CE)
- Hucker, Charles O. “Governmental Organization of the Ming Dynasty.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, XXI (1958), 1-66.
- —. “An Index of Terms and Titles in ‘Governmental Organization of the Ming Dynasty.'” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, XXIII (1960-61), 127-151.
- These two aids are not as complete as those of des Rotours and Chang Fu-jui.
Qing (1644-1911 CE)
- Brunnert, S., & V. V. Hagelstrom. Present Day Political Organization of China. First edition 1910. Second edition. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1911. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1971. This is the most comprehensive aid for the Qing, but it is more difficult to use than the above.
- Mayers, William Frederick. The Chinese Government: A Manual of Chinese titles Categorically Arranged and Explained, with an Appendix. First Edition Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press and London: Tribner, 1878. Third Edition. Shanghai: Kelly and Walsh, 1897. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1970. This is a very convenient aid. The first edition was published in 1877, the last in 1897. Therefore it reflects the situation existing before the changes introduced after the failure of the Boxers. It is not as complete as the next item.
- Zhu, Ao 朱鳌 . Qing dai da xue shi bu yuan da chen zong du xun fu quan lu 清 代大学士部院大臣总督巡抚全录 (yuan zhu Zhu Pengshou 原著朱彭寿; gai bian zheng li Zhu Ao, Song Lingzhu 改编整理朱鳌, 宋苓珠. Edition: Di 1 ban. 第1版. Published/Created: Beijing Shi : Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she, 2010. 北京市 : 国家图书馆出版社, 2010.
- Note: All of these aids should be used in conjunction with the primary Chinese aid, Li dai zhi guan biao 歷 代 職 官 表 (Tables of official positions throughout the dynasties) in 72 juan compiled under imperial auspices by Ji Yun 紀 昀 and others. The work, ordered in 1780, consists of a comprehensive set of tables of Chinese of official titles from the ancient San-tai period through the Ming arranged under the different boards, bureaux, and departments of the Qing government of the time of compilation. There is one table for each department of government. The title of the highest official in the department appears first followed by the titles of other officials connected with it in order to rank. After each table material is presented on changes in rank and title in that particular branch of government during the different periods as well as material concerning changes in fuction. Unfortunately, the work is marred by some mistakes and omissions. It has been reprinted in both the Si bu bei yao 四 部 備 要 and Guo xue ji ben cong shu 國 學 基 本 叢 書 . There is also an abridged version in 6 juan which bears the same title but contains only the bare tables. In 1965 the Zhonghua shu ju 中 華 書 局 in Shanghai published a Li dai zhi guan biao based on this work. In addition to reproducing the tables, however, it also provides an extensive introduction to the traditional official system, a separate section on the history and function of the various offices arranged according to number of strokes, and four-coner index. The index also has attached to it a total stroke and pinyinromanization key.
5. Book Titles
Bibliographies for traditional Chinese science & medical texts
Mention should be made of the series of volumes in the 歷 代 中 醫 名 著 文 庫, published by 華 夏 出 版 社 in Beijing, which began publishing circa 1995. This project, organized by Ren Yingqiu, Ma Jixingg, and others, provides first-rate critical eds. of ancient texts (unfortunately in simplified chars.), with detailed critical notes and substantial, usually innovative, scholarly essays on the text. Some are detailed volume-length treatments of individual texts; so far there is the 醫 心 方 and 證 類 本 草. Other volumes are collections of texts of a given type. The one on acupuncture, entitled 針 灸 名 著 集 成, contains about a dozen important works, some extremely rare, and all in superior critical editions. For instance, the illustrations in two well-known works, 銅 人 俞 穴 針 灸 圖 經 (1026) and 針 灸 大 成 (1601) are far superior to those previously published; both, for instance, show skeletons as part of acupuncture figures.
See also:
- Prof. Kobayashi Kenji is the supervising editor of the series, which is maintained by Mugitani Kunio, at the Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University. After downloading a file, a utility program that decompresses the LHZ format is required. Includes the: 1. Su wen 素 問 (209Kb); 2. Ling shu 靈 樞 (168 Kb); 3. Nan jing 難 經 (31 Kb); 4. Shang han lun 傷 寒 論 (180 Kb), 5. Jin gui yao lue 金 匱 要 略 (81 Kb); 6. Shennong ben cao jing 神 農 本 草 經 (36 Kb); 7. Bian Que – Cang gong lie zhuan 扁 鵲 倉 公 列 伝 (from the Shi ji) (20 Kb). All texts are encoded in Japanese. The required fonts can be found at a separate website address. With consent of its editor, the whole series is also available at the link below, converted into Chinese traditional characters (Big5) by Fabrizio Pregadio, University of Venice.
- Cao Junbing 曹 君 炳 . Zhongguo yi xue da cheng zong mu ti yao 中 國 醫 學 大 成 總 目 提 要 . Shanghai: Shanghai da dong shu ju yin xing, 1936.
- Ding Fubao 丁 福 保. Li dai yi ji shu mu 歷 代 醫 籍 書 目. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1910.
- Guo Aichun 郭 靄 春 . Zhongguo fen sheng yi ji kao 中 國 分 省 醫 籍 考 (Chinese books on medicine by province). 2 vols. Tianjin: Xin hua shu dian, vol. 1: 1984, vol. 2: 1985.
- Kuroda Genji 黑 田 源 次. Zhongguo yi xue shu mu 中 國 醫 學 書 目. Fengtian: Manzhou yi ke da xue: Zhongguo yi xue yan jiu shi, 1931. Reprint Taibei: Wen hai, 1971.
- Ma Jixing 馬 繼 興 , et al. eds. Dunhuang gu yi ji kao shi 敦 煌 古 醫 藉 考 釋 (Ancient medical books from Dunhuang, with critical notations). Jiangxi ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1988. Uses simplified characters.
- —. Zhong yi wen xian xue 中 醫 文 獻 學 (The study of Chinese medical literature). Shanghai: Ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1990. Uses simplified characters.
- Okanishi Tameto 岡 西 為 人, compiler. Xu Zhongguo yi xue shu mu 續 中 國 醫 學 書 目. Taibei: Wen hai chu ban she, 1971.
- —. Sung yi qian yi ji kao 宋 以 前 醫 籍 考. Beijing: Ren min wei sheng chu ban she.
- Pregadio, Fabrizio. “Chinese Alchemy. An Annotated Bibliography of Works in Western Languages.” Monumenta Serica 44 (1996): 439-73.
- Qian Yuanming 錢 遠 銘 , et al. Jing shi bai jia yi lu 經 史 百 家 醫 錄 (Medical collection from the Hundred Schools in the Classics and Histories). Guangdong ke ji chu ban she, 1986.
- Si bu zong lu yi yao pian 四 部 總 錄 醫 藥 編 (SBBY medical works). 3 vols. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1955.
- Si ku ti yao yi jia lei 四 庫 提 要 醫 家 類. Medical works in the SKQS Catalog.
- Taki Mototane (or Tamba no Mototane) 丹 波 元 胤 . Zhongguo yi ji kao 中 國 醫 籍 考. Beijing: Jen min chu ban she, 1956.
- Xue Qinglu 薛 清 錄 , et al., eds. Quan guo Zhong yi tu shu lian he mu lu 全 國 中 醫 圖 書 聯 合 目 錄 (National Union Catalog of primary sources for Chinese medicine). Beijing: Zhong yi gu ji chu ban she, 1990. Uses simplified characters.
- Zhou Yimou 周 一 謀 , & Xiao Zuotao 蕭 佐 桃. Mawangdui yi shu kao zhu 馬 王 堆 醫 書 考 注 (The Mawangdui medical texts with critical annotations). Tianjin: Ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1988
Collections of Confucian classical learning and bibliographies
- Huang Qing jing jie 皇 清 經 解 (Qing Dynasty Exegesis of the Classics). Canton: Xue hai tang 學 海 堂 , 1829, 1860. Index: 皇 清 經 解 提 要.
- Huang Qing jing jie xu bian 皇 清 經 解 續 編 (Qing Dynasty Exegesis of the Classics, Supplement). Jiangyin: Nan jing shu yuan, 1886-88.
- Qing dai wen ji bian mu fen lei suo yin 清 代 文 集 篇 目 分 類 索 引 (Classified index to collected essays from the Qing dynasty). Taibei: Tai lian guo feng chu ban she, 1979. An excellent index to essays on the classics, histories, and many other topics in the literary collections of Qing scholars.
- Qing ren bie ji zong mu清 人 別 集 總 目(General catalog of literary collections of Qing authors), eds., Li Lingnian, Yang Zhong ; authors, Wang Yuxiang et al. Edition: Di 1 ban. 第 一 版. Published: Hefei Shi : Anhui jiao you zhu ban she, 2000. Physical description: 3 v. (16, 127, 3012 p.) ; 27 cm.
- Shi san jing zhu shu 十 三 經 注 疏 (Notes & Annotations to the 13 Classics). Canton: xue hai tang edition, 1829. Reprint Beijing: Chunghua shu ju, 1980. With 索 引. (See also under Electronic Resources).
- Tong zhi tang jing jie 通 志 堂 經 解. Compiled by Nalan Chengde 納 蘭 成 德. Reprint Canton: Yue dong shu ju 粵 東 書 局, 1873. Index: 通 志 堂 經 解 目 錄, comp. by Weng Fanggang 翁 方 綱.
- Union catalog of traditional Chinese texts by the National Central Library. This database now has 441,900 entries and includes holdings of libraries in Taiwan, China, Hong Kong and the United States.
- Huang Zhixin 黃 智 信, compiler. “Yuan dai jing xue yan jiu lun zhu mu lu (1900-1996)” 元 代 經 學 研 究 論 著 目 錄 (1900-1996) (Bibliography of works on Yuan dynasty classical studies). Zhongguo wen zhe yan jiu tong xun 中 國 文 哲 研 究 通 訊 (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) 7, 2 (June 1997): 97-143.
- Jiang Rixin, ed. Qing dai jing xue guo ji yan tao hui lun wen ji 清 代 經 學 國 際 研 討 會 論 文 集 (Collected essays from the international conference on Qing dynasty classical studies). Nangang: Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1994.
- Lin Qingzhang 林 慶 彰, general editor. Riben yan jiu jing xue lun zhu mu lu (1900-1992) 日 本 研 究 經 學 論 著 目 錄 (1900-1992) (Catalog of Japanese research works on classical studies). Nangang: Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taiwan: 1993.
- —, general editor. Jing xue yan jiu lun cong 經 學 研 究 論 叢 (Introductory essays on research in classical studies). 3 vols. Taibei: Sheng huan Books, 1994-95.
- —, general editor. Qian Jia xue shu yan jiu lun zhu mu lu (1900-1993) 乾 嘉 學 術 研 究 論 著 目 錄 (1900-1993) (Catalog of works on research in the scholarship of the Qian-Jia Period, 1736-1820). Nangang: Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1995.
- —, & Jiang Qiuhua 蔣 秋 華, ed. Ming dai jing xue guo ji yan tao hui lun wen ji 明 代 經 學 國 際 研 討 會 論 文 集 (Collected essays from the international conference on Ming dynasty classical studies). Nangang: Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1996.
- Yang Jinlong, & Chen Shuyi, ed. Yuan dai jing xue guo ji yan tao hui lun wen ji 元 代 經 學 國 際 研 討 會 論 文 集 (Collected essays from the international conference on Yuan dynasty classical studies). Nangang: Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, 1998.
For bibliographies and recent collections of essays and poetry by women, see:
- Hu Wenkai 胡 文 楷 , compiler. Li dai fu nu zhu zuo kao 歷 代 婦 女 著 作 考 (Study of works written by women over the various dynasties). Revised edition. Shanghai: Gu ji chu ban she, 1985.
- Chang, Kang-i Sun. “A Guide to Ming Ch’ing Anthologies of Women’s Poetry and Their Selection Strategies.” Gest Library Journal 5, 2 (1992): 119-60.
See also:
- Zhao Yongji 趙 永 紀 et al., Qing dai xue shu ci dian 清 代 學 術 辭 典 (Dictionary of Qing intellectual history). Beijing: Xue yuan chu ban she, 2004.
Cong shu (Collectanea) 叢書 titles
- Beijing tu shu guan cang Zhongguo li dai shi ke ta ben hui bian 北 京 圖 書 館 藏 中 國 歷 代 石 刻 拓 本 匯 編 . Zhengzhou, Henan: Zhongzhou gu ji chu ban she, 1989- . Collection of rubbings from ancient times to the 20th century in the Beijing Library. The Ming and Qing volumes (over 40 volumes alone) include civil examination materials from the provincial and metropolitan examinations.
- Beijing tu shu guan gu ji zhen ben cong kan 北 京 圖 書 館 古 籍 珍 本 叢 刊. Collection of rare editions, especially Ming editions in the Beijing Library.
- Cong shu ji cheng 叢 書 集 成 . Compiled 1935-36. See Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asia Research Center, Harvard University, 1973, p. 24. Selections from previous cong shu here reset and printed in a uniform edition.
- Hervouet, Yves, ed. A Sung Bibliography. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978.
- Kanseki sosho jozai mokuroku 漢 藉 叢 書 所 在 目 錄 (Catalog of Chinese colletanea [in Japanese libraries]. Toyogaku bunken senta, 1965. Refers to Chinese collections in the Toyo bunko, Tokyo University Oriental Library, Kyoto University Institute for Humanistic Studies, National Diet Library, Naikaku bunko, Seikado, and the Tenri Library.
- Lo, Karl. A Guide to the Ssu Pu Tsung K’an: being an index to authors, titles, and subjects. Lawrence: University of Kansas Libraries, 1965.
- Ming dai zhuan ji cong kan 明 代 傳 記 叢 刊 . Taibei: Ming wen shu ju, 1991. Collectanea of important Ming materials.
- Si ku quan shu 四 庫 全 書 Compiled 1773-82. Books recopied into a uniform edition. See Hummel, Arthur, ed. Eminent Chinese of the Ch’ing Period. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1943-44, pp. 121-22; Teng, Ssu-yu, & Knight Biggerstaff. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, pp. 18-20; Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asia Research Center, Harvard University, 1973, pp. 14-15.
- Si ku quan shu cun mu cong shu 四 庫 全 書 存 目 叢 書 (Collectanea of all works in the annotated bibliography but not included in the Si ku quan shu). Ji Xianlin 季 羨 林 et al. 1200 vols. Beijing: Beijing University Press, 1994-1997.
- Si ku quan shu zong mu 四 庫 全 書 總 目. Shanghai, 1930 edition is best. See Teng, Ssu-yu, & Knight Biggerstaff. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 18. Annotated bibliography of the contents of the Si ku quan shu and of those works considered but not included.
- Si ku quan shu zong mu ji wei shou shu mu yin de 四 庫 全 書 總 目 及 未 收 書 目 引 得 . Beijing: Yanjing da xue tu shu guan yin de bian zuan chu, 1932. Reprint Taibei: Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, 1966. Index to titles and authors in the above.
- Wang Yunwu. Cong shu ji cheng chu bian mu lu 叢 書 集 成 初 編 目 錄. Shanghai, 1935. Catalog of Cong shu ji cheng. The various cong shu on which this collection draws are here annotated as to contents. The catalog lists the title contents according to modern categories and is thus a help in discovering new material.
- Zhang Shunhui 張 舜 徵. Qing ren wen ji bie lu 清 人 文 集 別 錄. Taibei: Ming wen chu ban she, 1982.
- Zhongguo cong shu zong lu 中 國 叢 書 綜 錄 . 3 vols. Shanghai, 1959-62. A comprehensive index to congshu. See Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asia Research Center, Harvard University, 1973, p. 24; Teng, Ssu-yu, & Knight Biggerstaff. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 67. Vol. 1 lists the nearly 3000 cong shu here indexed with information on editions and locations (in China). Vol. 2 lists the 70,000 titles included in the cong shu. Vol. 3 indexes Vol. 2 by title and author (4 corner).
- Si bu cong kan 四 部 叢 刊. Compiled in three series, 1919-37. See Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asia Research Center, Harvard University, 1973, p. 24.. Reproduction of the best original editions. Includes the po na pen editions of the standard histories for the best old version of a text.
Electronic resources for Chinese works
- Prof. Kobayashi Kenji is the supervising editor of the series, which is maintained by Mugitani Kunio, at the Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University. After downloading a file, a utility program that decompresses the LHZ format is required. Includes the: 1. Su wen 素 問 (209Kb); 2. Ling shu 靈 樞 (168 Kb); 3. Nan jing 難 經 (31 Kb); 4. Shang han lun 傷 寒 論 (180 Kb), 5. Jin gui yao lue 金 匱 要 略 (81 Kb); 6. Shennong ben cao jing 神 農 本 草 經 (36 Kb); 7. Bian Que – Cang gong lie zhuan 扁 鵲 倉 公 列 伝 (from the Shi ji) (20 Kb). All texts are encoded in Japanese. The required fonts can be found at a separate website address. With consent of its editor, the whole series is also available at the link below, converted into Chinese traditional characters (Big5) by Fabrizio Pregadio, University of Venice.
- Page references are to Volume 6 of 張 岱 年, ed., 《戴 震 全 書》 Anhui, 1995 , and to John Ewell, trans., Re-Inventing the Way: Dai Zhen’s “Evidential Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in Mencius” Ann Arbor: 1990.
300 Tang Poems 唐 詩 三 百 首 This link opens in a new window
Chinese text and English translations for the 310 poems in the original collection of 300 Tang Poems 唐 詩 三 百 首 with additional poems that were added later on. This version contains 320 poems and is based on the Chinese electronic version created by Mr. Weichang Chan from the National Central University in Taiwan. The English translations are taken primarily from those in Witter Bynner’s The Jade Mountain. Since there are only 310 poems in Bynner’s collection, to complete this expanded collection of 320 poems the compilers added three translations from Perspectives on the Tang, Yale University Press (nos. 190,191,193) ; and seven from 300 Tang Poems, the Commercial Press, HK (nos. 001, 003, 039, 040, 042, 083, 084). Some seventy-seven poets are represented here, as are seven forms of Tang poetry. This is also part of the Chinese Text Initiative at the University of Virginia.
For electronic classical texts, poetry, & novels in GB Code see:
Japanese indices of Chinese works
- Chugoku shosetsu gikyoku shii kenkyu jiten sogo sakuinhen (hikkaku sakuin) 中 國 小 說 戲 曲 辭 匯 研 究 辭 典 – 綜 合 索 引 篇 (筆 畫 索 引). Yokuhama: Yokohama City University, 1956-. Part I-IV published so far since 1956. This is the index volume (index by strokes) of a dictionary for the study of the vocabulary of Chinese novels and dramas.
- Chugoku zuihitsu sakuin 中 國 隨 筆 索 引. Compiled by Kyoto Daigaku Toyoshi Kenkyukai 東 京 大 學 東 洋 史 研 究 會 . Tokyo: Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai, 1954. This is an index to the headings of items in approximately 160 miscellanies ranging in time from the Tang dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty, including such works as Yi jian zhi 夷 堅 志 by Hong Mai 洪 邁 and Ri zhi lu 日 知 錄 by Gu Yanwu 顧 炎 武.
- Fukusha seishi sakuin 復 社 姓 氏 索 引 (Index of members of the Restoration Society). Compiled at Kyoto University by the Institute of Humanistic Studies, the “Late-Ming Early-Ch’ing Society and Culture Research Group,” 1995.
- Goto Toshimizu 後 藤 俊 瑞 , compiler. Shushi shisho shushu sakuin 朱 子 四 書 集 注 索 引. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University Press, 1955. An index to Zhu Xi’s Si shu huo wen 四 書 惑 問.
- Hanabusa Hideki 花 房 英 樹 , compiler. Ri Haku kashi sakuin 李 白 歌 詩 索 引. No. 8 of the Tang Civilization Reference Series. Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jimbungaku Kenkyujo, 1957. A concordance to the poems of Li Po, by title, character or phrase.
- Hiraoka Takeo 平 岡 武 夫 , & Ichihara Kokichi 市 原 亨 吉 , compilers. Todai no gyosei chiri 唐 代 の 行 政 地 理. No. 2 of the Tang Civilization Reference Series。 Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jimbungaku Kenkyujo, 1954. This work contains two primary indexes to place names (fu 府, chou 州 , jun 郡 , and xian 縣 ) of the Tang period. The first is an index to the place names appearing in pertinent sections of the following works:
- Jiu Tang shu 舊 唐 書 (945). juan 38-41 of 200 juan.
- Liu dian 六 典 (ca. 739). juan 3, and Chen yuan shi dao lu -s 元 十 道 錄 (ca. 802) are also covered in this index but reference is limited to whether or not the place names appear in them. The second index is to the place names in Li dai di li zhi yun bien jin shi 歷 代 地 理 志 韻 編 今 釋 (1837). Appended are an alphabetical index based on Wade-Giles romanization and an index based on total umber of strokes giving the four-corner numbers used in the main indexed.
- Tai ping huan yu ji 太 平 寰 宇 記 (ca. 980). 200 juan.
- Tang hui yao 唐 會 要 (961). juan 67, 68, 70, 71, 73 of 100.
- Tong dian 通 典 (803). juan 卷 171-184 of 200 juan.
- Xin Tang shu 新 唐 書 (1060). juan 37-43 of 225 juan.
- Yuanhe jun xian zhi 元 和 郡 縣 志 (813). 34 of 40 juan.
- — , compilers. Todai no shijin 唐 代 の 詩 人. No. 4 of the Tang Civilization Reference Series. Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jimbungaku Kenkyujo, 1960. An index to the following two works, giving the locations of the poems of Tang poets:
- Quan Tang shi 全 唐 詩 (1705). 900 juan.
- Quan Tang shi i 全 唐 詩 逸 (1804). 3 chuan, a supplement to Quan Tang shi and recorded only in Japanese works.
- As a supplement, there is an index to biographic information on Tang poets in the following works:
- Ho yueh ying ling ji 河 岳 英 靈 集
- Ji xuan ji 極 玄 集
- Quan Tang shi hua 全 唐 詩 話
- Quan Tang shi hua xu bian 全 唐 詩 話 續 編
- Tang cai zi zhuan 唐 才 子 傳
- Tang shi ji shi 唐 詩 紀 事
- Zhong xing xian qi ji 中 興 賢 氣 集
- Hiraoka Takeo 平 岡 武 夫 , & Imai Kiyoshi 今 井 清 , compilers. [Todai no] Choan to Rakuyo sakuin (唐 代 の ) 長 安 と 洛 陽 索 引. No. 5 of Tang Civilization Reference Series, published by the Institute of Humanistic Science, Kyoto University, 1956. 15,198 pp. This work consists of a classified list and index to names of people, buildings, temples, shrines, ponds, trees, wells, etc., appearing in the following seven works:
- Changan zhi 長 安 志. Compiled by Song Minqiu 宋 敏 求 (late-11th century). juan 6-10.
- Henan zhi 河 南 志. Compiled by Song Minqiu 宋 敏 求 (late-11th century). 4 juan.
- Liang jing xin ji 兩 京 新 記. Compiled by Wei Shu -� -z (722). juan 3 of 5 juan. (the only extant copy is in Japan).
- Liang jing xin ji 兩 京 新 記. Compiled by Cao Yuanzhong 曹 元 忠 (ca. 1895). 2 juan.
- Liang jing xin ji xu shih 兩 京 新 記 續 拾. A supplement to Liang jing xin ji compiled by Hiraoka Takeo.
- Tang liang jing cheng fang kao 唐 兩 京 城 坊 考 Compiled by Xu Song 徐 松 (early 19th century). 1 juan.
- Tang liang jing cheng fang kao jiao bu ji 唐 兩 京 城 坊 考 校 補 記. Compiled by Cheng Hongzhao 程 鴻 詔 (1850). 1 juan.
- — , compilers. Todai no sambun sakka 唐 代 の 散 文 作 家. No. 3 of the Tang Civilization Reference Series. Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jimbungaku Kenkyujo, 1954. An index to the following three works, giving the locations of biographies and works of 3,516 Tang dynasty prose writers:
- Quan Tang wen 全 唐 文 (1814). 1,000 juan.
- Tang wen shi yi 唐 文 拾 遺 (ca. 1888). 72 juan.
- Tang wen xu shi 唐 文 續 拾 (ca. 1894). 16 juan.
- Iida Yoshiro 飯 田 吉 郎 , compiler. To seisho goi sakuin 董 西 廂 語 匯 索 引 . Published by author, 1951. An index to the vocabulary of the Tung hsi hsiang.
- Iriya Yoshitaka 入 矢 義 高 , compiler. Tonko hembun shuko goi sakuin 敦 煌 變 文 集 口 語 匯 索 引. 1961. Mimeographed. 34 pp. An index to colloquial glosses in Dunhuang pien wen ji.
- Kanseki sosho shozai mokuroku 漢 籍 叢 書 所 在 目 錄. Compiled by Toyogaku bunken senta renraku kyogikai. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1965.
- Ko-Min Bunkai sakuin ko 皇 明 文 海 索 引 稿. Compiled by Kyoto Daigaku Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyujo Rekishi Kenkyushitsu 東 京 大 學 人 文 科 學 研 究 所 歷 史 研 究 室. Kyoto, 1961. Mimeographed, 214 pp. A draft index to Huang ming wen hai.
- Mindai tokaroku sakuin ko 明 登 科 錄 索 引 稿, compiled at Kyoto University by the Institute of Humanistic Studies, the “Late-Ming Early-Ch’ing Society and Culture Research Group,” 1995.
- Nihon genzon shinjin bunshu mokuroku 日本 現 存 清 人 文 集 目 錄. Kyoto: Toyoshi kenkyukai 東 洋 史 研 究 會.
- Noma Fumichika, compiler. Shurai sakuin 周 禮 索 引 (Index of the Rites of Chou). Fukuoka: Chugoku Bookstore, 1989.
- O I shi sakuin 王 維 詩 索 引. Compiled by the Kyoto University Seminar on Chinese Literature and Language. Kyoto, 1952. Mimeographed. An index to the poems of Wang Wei (699-759).
- Okamoto Shigeru 岡 本 繁. Bunshin choryu sakuin 文 心 雕 龍. Mimeographed edition. Hiroshima University, 1950. An index to Wen xin diao long, treatise on literary criticism and theory, in 10 juan, by Liu Xie 劉 勰 (6th century).
- Sadao Takeji 竹 治 貞 夫 , compiler. Chu ci suo yin 楚 辭 索 引. Tokushima: Department of Chinese Literature, Tokushima University, 1970.
- Sakai Ken’ichi 井 健 一 , et al., compilers. Koin sakuin 廣 韻 索 引. Monograph No. 1 of the journal of the Chugoku Bunka Kenkyukai. Tokyo: Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku Toyo Bungaku Kenkyushitsu , 1953.
- Sesetsu shingo sakuin 世 說 新 語 索 引. Compiled by Hiroshima Daigaku Chugoku Bungaku Kenkyushitsu 島 大 學 中 國 文 學 研 究 室. 1959. Mimeographed. 670 pp. An index to Shi shuo xin yu by Liu Yiqing 劉 義 慶 (403-444). This is a more voluminous work than the Shi shuo xin yu yin depublished as No. 12 of the Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series.
- Shiba Rokuro 斯 波 六 郎 , compiler. Monzen sakuin 文 選 索 引. 3 vols. + supplement vol. Special Nos. 1-4 of the Tang Civilization Reference Series. Kyoto: Kyoto Daigaku Jimbungaku Kenkyujo, 1957-59. A monumental concordance to the Wen hsuan.
- Yajima Genry 矢 島 玄 亮 , compiler. Hyakushi zensho sakuin (chimei kanshoku shakumei inyo shomei) 百 子 全 書 索 引 (地 名,官 職,引 用 書 名). Sendai: Tohoku Daigaku Shinagaku Kenkyushitsu, 1953. Mimeographed, 137 pp. An index to place names, offices, titles and books cited in Bai zi quan shu 百 子 全 書, a Qing dynasty cong shu covering the period from early Qin to Ming.
Sinological indices (other)
- Bai hu tong yin de 白 虎 通 引 得, Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 2. Beijing: Havard-Yenching Institute, 1931. xvi, 33pp. An index to Bai hu tong yi 白 虎 通 義, a record of discussions by Confucian scholars of Late Han, in four juan, compiled by Ban Gu 班 固 (32-92 A.D.).
- Cui Dongbi yi shu yin de 崔 東 壁 遺 書 引 得 . Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 5. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1937. An index to Ts’ui tung-pi yi shu, a collection of works by Cui Shu 崔 述 (1740-1816).
- Feng shi wen jian ji jiao zheng fu yin de 封 氏 聞 見 記 校 證 附 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 7. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1933. A collated text of Feng shi wen chien ji, with index. Feng shi wen jian ji is a collection of little known anecdotes on Taoism, Confucianism, and affairs of the Tang period, in 10 juan, compiled by Feng Yin 封 寅 of the Tang period.
- Hou Han shu ji zhu shi zong he yin de 後 漢 書 及 注 釋 綜 合 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Seies No. 41. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1949. Combined Indexes to Hou Han shu and the notes by Liu Zhao and Li Xian.
- Johnson, Wallace, compiler. Guanzi yin de 管 子 引 得. Taibei: Cheng wen chu ban she, 1970.
- —, compiler. Pian zi lei bian yin de 駢 字 類 編 引 得. Taibei: Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, 1966.
- —, compiler. Tang lu shu yi yin de 唐 律 疏 義 引 得. Taibei: Wen hai, 1965.
- Hartwell, Robert. Guide to Sources of Chinese Economic History: 618-1368. Chicago: Committee on Far Eastern Civilizations, The University of Chicago, 1964.
- Kao gu zhi yi yin de 考 古 質 疑 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 3. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1931. An index toK’ao ku zhi i, treatises on the Classics and historical works, by Ye Daqing 葉 大 慶 of the Sung period.
- Kanda Nobuo, et al., compilers. Ba qi tong zhi lie zhuan suo yin 八 旗 通 志 列 傳 索 引. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko, 1965.
- Lau, D.C. 劉 殿 爵 , & F.C. Chen 陳 方 正 , compilers. The ICS Ancient Chinese Text Concordance Series 先 秦 兩 漢 古 籍 逐 字 索 引 叢 刊. 12 vols. Hong Kong: Shang wu yin shu kuan, 1992. Includes:
- A Concordance to the Da Dai Li ji 大 戴 禮 記 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Han shi wai zhuan 韓 詩 外 傳 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Huainanzi 淮 南 子 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Kongzi Jia yu 孔 子 家 語 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Li ji 禮 記 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to The Militarists (Wuzi, Sima Fa, Sunzi, Weiliaozi) 吳 子 ? 司 馬 法? 孫 子 ? 尉 繚 子 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Shang jun shu 商 君 書 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Shuo yuan 說 苑 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Wenzi 文 子 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Xin xu 新 序 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Yi zhou shu 逸 周 書 逐 字 索 引.
- A Concordance to the Zhan guo ce 戰 國 策 逐 字 索 引.
- Li He shi yin de 李 賀 詩 引 得. Taibei: Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, 1969.
- Ming dai chi zhuan shu kao fu yin de 明 代 敕 撰 書 考 附 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 3. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1932. Notes on Imperial compilations during the Ming dynasty, with index.
- Ming shi 明史 . Taibei: Guo fang yan jiu yuan, 1963. Part of the same series as the Qing shi above, in 6 volumes, the last of which contains an index of proper names.
- Mozi yin de 墨 子 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 21. Beijing, 1948. A concordance to Mozi.
- Qing shi 清 史. Edited by the Qing shi bian zuan wei yuan hui 清 史 編 纂 委 員 會 of the Guo fang yan jiu yuan 國 防 研 究 院 Taibei, 1961. This work in 8 volumes is a re-edited version of the Qing shi gao 清 史 稿 . Beijing: Zhunghua shu ju, 1977. The work is punctuated and the last volume contains an index of proper names.
- Riben qi kan san shi ba zhong dong fang xue lun wen pian mu fu yin de 日 本 期 刊 三 十 八 種 東 方 學 論 文 篇 目 附 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 6. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1933. A bibliography of articles on Orientology in 38 Japanese periodicals to 1933, with index. See Yi bai qi shi wu zhong Riben qi kan zhong dong fang xue lun wen pian mu fu yin de below.
- Rong zhai sui bi wu zhong zong he yin de 容 齋 隨 筆 �- 種 綜 合 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 13. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1933. Combined indices to the five collections of miscellanies of Hong Mai 洪 邁 (1123-1202).
- Shang Chengzuo 商 承 祚 , & Huang Hua 黃 華, compilers. Zhongguo li dai shu hua zhuan ke jia zi hao suo yin 中 國 歷 代 書 畫 篆 刻 家 字 號 索 引. 2 vols. Beijing: Ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1960. A hao-to-real name and real name-to-hao index of calligraphers, painters, and seal engravers. Volume One gives the hao-to-real name index with skeleton information on province of origin, dynasty in which lived, specialties, and dates when available. Volme Two is the index from real name-to-hao.
- Shuo yuan yin de 說 苑 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 1. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1931. An index to the Shuo yuan, a collection of Confucian moralistic anecdotes compiled by Liu Xiang 劉 向 (79-8 B.C.)
- Song ren zhuan ji suo yin 宋 人 傳 記 索 引. Compiled by the Japan Committee for the Song Project of the Tokyo Bunko. Tokyo, 1968.
- Su shi yan yi yin de 蘇 氏 演 義 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 14. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1933. An index to Su shi yan yi, a collection of essays on law and other topics, in two juan, by Su E 蘇 鶚 of the Tang period.
- Tomi Saeki 佐 伯 富 , compiler. Tzu zhi tong jian suo yin 資 治 通 監 索 引. Kyoto: Thi Kenkyukai of Kyoto University, 1961.
- Tong Shigang 童 世 綱 , compiler. Hu Shi wen cun suo yin 胡 適 文 存 索 引 . Taibei: Xue sheng shu ju 學 生 書 局, 1969.
- Xiao jing yin de 孝 經 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 23. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1950. A concordance to the Xiao jing .
- Xin Tang shu zai xiang shi xi biao yin de 新 唐 書 宰 相 世 系 表 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series No. 16. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1934. An index to the genealogical tables of the families of chief ministers in Xin Tang shu.
- Xunzi yin de 荀 子 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Series No. 22. Beijing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1950. A concordance to Xunzi.
- Yi bai qi shi wu zhong Riben qi kan zhong dong fang xue lun wen pian mu fu yin de 一 百 七 十 五 種 日 本 期 刊 中 東 方 學 論 文 篇 目 附 引 得. Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series Supplement No. 13. Beijing, Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1940. A bibliography of articles on Orientology in 175 Japanese periodicals from 1933 to 1940, with index. See Riben qi kan san shi ba zhong dong fang xue lun wen pian mu fu yin de above.
- Yi qie jing yin yi yin yong shu suo yin 一 切 經 音 義 引 用 書 索 引. Compiled by Beijing da xue yan jiu yuan wen shi bu 北 京 大 學 研 究 院 文 史 部 as No. 6 of the Beijing University Research Institute Series on Literature and History. Changsha: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1938. An index to the titles quoted in Yi qie jing yin i.
- Yuan shi 元 史. Of the same series as the Qing shi and Ming shi.
Sinological Indices (supplement to Teng & Biggerstaff)
- McMullen, L. Concordances and Indexes to Chinese Texts, San Francisco, Chinese Materials Center Inc., 1975.
- Wang Yunwu 王 云 五 , compiler. Shi tong suo yin 十 通 索 引. In Wan you wen ku Series 2. Shanghai, Commercial Press, 1937. 327, 13, 168 pp. Combined Indexes to the:
- Tong dian 通 典
- Tong zhi 通 志
- Wen xian tong kao 文 獻 通 考
- Xu Tong dian 續 通 典
- Xu Tong zhi 續 通 志
- Xu Wen xian tong kao 續 文 獻 通 考
- Huang chao tong dian 皇 朝 通 典
- Huang chao tong zhi 皇 朝 通 志
- Huang chao wen xian tong kao 皇 朝 文 獻 通 考
- Huang chao xu Wen xian tong kao 皇 朝 續 文 獻 通 考.
- Ye Shaojun 葉 紹 鈞 , ed. Shi san jing suo yin 十 三 經 索 引 (重 訂 本). Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 1983. ( First edition in Teng & Biggerstaff).
Western indices of Chinese works
- Baxter, Glen. Index to the Imperial Register of Ci Prosody. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956.
- Fraser, D.H., compiler. Index to the Zuo zhuan 左 傳. Revised by J.H.S. Lockhardt. Taibei: Cheng wen, 1966.
- Giles, Lionel, comiler. “An Alphabetical Index to the Chinese Encyclopedia, Qin ding gu jin tu shu ji cheng.” London: British Museum, 1911. Appended to theQin ding gu jin tu shu ji cheng 欽 定 古 今 圖 書 集 成, an encyclopedia in 10,000 juan, compiled under imperial auspices and presented to the Emperor in 1725.
- Ivanhoe, P.J., compiler. A Concordance to Tai Chen, “Yuan shan” 原 善. San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1979.
- —, & David Nivison, compilers. A Concordance to Dai Zhen, “Mengzi zi yi shu zheng” 孟 子 字 義 疏 證. San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, 1979.
6. Chronologies and Dating
All Content
Chinese-Western Calendar Converter 兩 千 年 中 西 曆 轉 換 This link opens in a new window
Academia Sinica, Taiwan, has an online Chinese-Western Calendar Converter 兩 千 年 中 西 曆 轉 換, which is based on Xue Zhongsan and Ouyang Yi ed. Liang qian nian Zhong Xi li dui zhao biao 兩千年中西曆對照表. *2016 Update: There is a button 批次轉換 in the middle that can change a list of dates in large batches for up to 1000 entries. Click on 說明 for specific instructions on how to construct a chart for entries.
- Dong Zuobin 董 作 賓. Chronological Tables of Chinese History. 中 國 年 歷 總 譜. 2 vols. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.
- Fang Shiming 方 詩 銘 , Fang Xiaofen 方 小 芬 . Zhongguo shi li ri he Zhong xi li dui zhao biao 中 國 史 歷 日 和 中 西 歷 日 對 照 表 . Shanghai: Shanghai xi shu chu ban she, 1987.
- Historical Calenders of China, the West and Islam 中 西 回 史 日 歷. Taibei: Yi wen yin shu guan, 1972.
- Tchang, Matthias. Synchronismes chinois. Varietes Sinologiques, no. 24. Shanghai: Mission Catholique, 1905. Reprint Taibei: Cheng wen, 1967.
- Xue Zhongsan 薛 仲 三, Ouyang Yi 歐 陽 頤. A Sino-Western Calender for Two Thousand Years: 1-2000 A.D. 兩 千 年 中 西 歷 對 照 表. Changsha: Shang wu yin shu guan.
- Zhang Peiyu 張培瑜. San qian wu bai nian li ri tian xiang三 千 五 百 年 歷 日 天 象 (Three thousand five hundred years of astronomical and chronological tables). 鄭 州 Zhengzhou, 1997. Covers 1500 B.C. to A.D. 2050 with unprecedented precision.
- Zheng Hesheng 鄭 鶴 聲. Jin shi Zhong xi shi ri dui zhao biao 近 世 中 西 時 日 對 照 表. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
There are other more specialized sources. See:
- Warring states
- Miao Wenyuan 繆 文 遠. Zhanguo shi xi nian ji zheng 戰 國 史 系 年 輯 正 (Collected corrections for the chronology of the Warring States). Chengdu: Ba shu, 1997. This new work is based on three sources: the Zhu shu ji nian 竹 書 紀 年 ; the Qin chronology excavated at Yunmeng (known as the Bian nian ji 編 年 記 ); and the manuscript Zhanguo zong heng jia shu 戰 國 縱 橫 家 書 from Mawangdui. It does not have an index, however.
- Tang
- Kroll, Paul. “Basic Data on Reign Dates and Local Government,” in T’ang Studies 5 (1987): 95-104.
- Ming
- Hazelton, Keith. A Synchronic Chinese-Western Daily Calender, 1341-1661 A.D.. Ming Research Series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985.
- Ming du fu nian biao 明 督 撫 年 表 (Chronology of official service by Ming dynasty provincial governors). Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 1982.
- Qing
- Ku, Hung-ting. Grand Secretariat in Ch’ing China : A Chronological List. Chinese Materials Center, 1980.
- Qing dai zhi guan biao 清 代 職 官 表 (Chronological tables of official service by position during the Qing period). Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 1980.
- Zhu Baojiong 朱 保 炯, & Xie Peilin 謝 沛 霖. Ming Qing jin shi ti ming bei lu suo yin 明 清 進 士 題 名 碑 錄 索 引 (Chronological index to Ming and Qing jin shi 進 士 civil examination rolls). 3 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 1980.
7. Locating Classical Quotations and Texts
Chinese
CADAL This link opens in a new window
Access to 2.5 million+ Chinese ebooks in and out of copyright. Individual registration required. For detailed instructions, see entry on the East Asian Library pages.Chinese Ancient Texts (CHANT) databases. This link opens in a new window
CHANT 漢達文庫 (CHinese ANcient Texts): Searchable full text and some image files for a wide range of early Chinese materials, including 甲骨文 (oracle bones), 金文 (bronze inscriptions), 竹簡帛書 I and II (wood, bamboo, and silk texts), 先秦兩漢 (extant Han and pre-Han texts), and 魏晉南北朝 (Wei, Jin, and Six Dynasties texts). For more information, see the EAL CHANT LibGuides Page
Fu Ssu-nian Library Rare Books Database 傅斯年圖書館善本資料庫 This link opens in a new window
Provides searching and in some cases full images of a major rare books collection.
Grand Secretariat Archives (Neige daku) This link opens in a new window
Full text images of hundreds of thousands of government documents from the Ming and Qing dynasties held at the Academia Sinica, searchable by official, title, matter and document number.Gu jin tu shu ji cheng This link opens in a new window
Full-text and image access to the 10,000-chapter 18th century\Chinese Encyclopaedia.\”,On the first page
Siku Quanshu This link opens in a new window
East Asian Library public computers only. Complete contents, in full text and image, of the 3460+ titles of the Wenyuange edition of the Siku Quanshu (1782), with 800 million characters (183 CD ROMs). Includes also such large compilations as the Quan Tang shi, Zizhi tongjian, Xu zizhi tongjian changbian, Wenxuan, Peiwen yunfu, Taiping yulan or the 25 Histories. For best use, consult the guide available on the EAL Web pages.
Electronic Chinese texts
Zhongguo ji ben gu ji ku This link opens in a new window
Largest (10,000+) full-text database of traditional Chinese works. Original images also available.
The 漢リポ Kanseki Repository This link opens in a new window
Contains texts from the Siku sources such as the 四庫全書 and 四庫叢刊, Daoist sources such as the 正統道藏 and 道藏輯要, and Buddhist sources such as the 大正新脩大藏經 and 卍字續藏經 . Check the home page for different ways to access this database. Original page numbers included.Sou-Yun This link opens in a new window
The sou-yun website can search for phrases of poetry from approximately 70,000 poems collected from mythical times to the present day. Once the pieces of poetry where the phrase is found appears, there is the option to “show” Chinese definition of phrases in the selection.
See also Databases & electronic texts
Japanese
- Aozora bunko 青空文庫 : Full texts of literary works (2,435 titles as of April 2003). Similar to Project Gutenburg.
Digital Image Collection, Kyoto University 京都大学附属図書館貴重資料画像 This link opens in a new window
Includes the Meiji Restoration database, National Treasure Konjaku monogatari, Goseibai shikimoku, and Fujikawa collection of medical books.
- Electronic Katei Bunko 電子版霞亭文庫 : Searchable image database of 1,159 Edo-period novels and dramas, including kibyoshi 黄表紙 , sharebon 洒落本 , and otogi zoshi 御伽草子 .
Historiographical Institute, University of Tokyo 東京大学史料編纂所 This link opens in a new window
The most extensive and comprehensive digital resource site for Japanese history, including an index to 大日本資料 and the full text of 平安遺文 . The site is multilingual.- Cataloguing of medieval documents, with image data available for some
National Diet Library Digital Collections 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション This link opens in a new window
Over 80,000 books (not journals) from the Meiji period (1868-1912) can be accessed as image files. Along with other titles, these are also part of the Meiji microfilms set 国立国会図書館所蔵明治期刋行図書マイクロ版集成 held by Harvard-Yenching Library.
- J-Texts 日本文学電子図書館 : Full texts of literary works.
- Japanese Literature Text file 日本文学等テキストファイル : List of links to full-text reproductions of Japanese literature.
- National Institute of Japanese Literature 国文学研究資料館 : Gateway site for an important institution provides access to the following three resources and more:
- Full-text database of Japanese Classics 古典文学本文データベース. Full text of Nihon Koten bungaku taikei 日本古典文學大系 (Iwanamai 岩波書店 ).
- Modern Japanese literature Image database 近代画像データベース. Digital archives collected by the institute. Five collections are available as of May 2006. Eight additional collections now being digitized.
- NIJL OPAC of Japanese Classics 国文学研究資料館マイクロ資料・和古書目録. Over 260,000 records of classics in book and microform.
Korean
- Digitized Historical Materials of Changsŏ-gak (Jangseo-gak) 한국학 전자도서관 : Includes early han’gul novels, the unofficial history of the Chosŏn dynasty and diaries ( 조선조 야사 및 일기 ), and audiovisual materials about Korean culture, oral literature ( 구비문학 ), folk songs ( 민요 ), and dialects ( 방언 ).
- Korean Classics Research Institute 민족문화추진회 : Offers eleven full-text databases, which include more than 1,330 works of Korean classics.
- Korean History Database 국사데이터베이스 : Includes important resources for Korean history studies such as the Annals of the Chosŏn Dynasty (조선왕조실록) and the Diary of the Royal Secretariat (승정원일기) during the Chosŏn Dynasty. Newspapers and magazines of modern and contemporary Korea, Korean history time-table (1860-1981), and many more resources about the Korean War and Korean resistance movement during Japanese rule are available. More than 10,000 photographs and images are included along with subject and name index.
Korean History On-Line This link opens in a new window
Centralized database of resources on Korean history held by various institutes in South Korea. Access to original image scans and electronic texts.
Krpia This link opens in a new window
Reference contents on Korea in the various subjects, such as architecture, history, literature, folklore, art, religion, classics, oriental medicine, etc.
- Kyujanggak Institute & E- Kyujanggak 서울대학교 규장각 한국학연구원 : Kyujanggak , originally established as the Royal Archives of the Chosŏn Dynasty in 1776, provides digital images of 88 old books in full-text PDF files, which include Kuunmong 구운몽 , Kyŏngguk Taejŏn 경국대전 ( 經國大典 ), Koryŏsa 고려사 ( 高麗史 ), Kukcho Pogam 국조보감 ( 國朝寶鑑 ), Taedong Chiji 대동지지 ( 大東地誌 ), Samguk Sagi 삼국사기 ( 三國史記 ), and Hanjungrok 한중록 ( 恨中錄 ). E-Kyujanggak offers more convenient access to digitized collections available either in full-text or as high-definition digital images. Digitized collections include old maps, books, documents, government records of the late Chosŏn dynasty and during Japanese rule, and historic documents of the Chosŏn dynasty such as Ilsŏngrok ( 일성록 ), Pibyŏnsa Tŭngrok ( 비변사 등록 ), and Ŭigwe ( 의궤 ).
- National Library of Korea – Harvard-Yenching Library Korean rare book digitization project : As part of a cooperative project between Yenching Library and the National Library of Korea, 469 titles of rare works unavailable in Korea are being digitized between 2007 and 2010. Rare books digitized through this project are accessible through HOLLIS (click here for a HOLLIS list of titles already digitized) and KORCIS (Korean Old and Rare Collection Information System).
8. Translations
General
- Davidson, Martha. A List of Published Translations from Chinese into English, French, and German. New Haven: Far Eastern Publications, 1957.
- Golvers, Noël. Libraries of Western Learning for China. Circulation of Western Books between Europe and China in the Jesuit Mission (ca. 1650 – ca. 1750). Vol. 1. Logistics of book acquisition and circulation, Leuven: Ferdinand Verbiest Institute, 2012.
- Karlgren, Bernhard. “Legends and Cults of Ancient China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 18 (1946) 199-365. (review by Eberhard inArtibus Asiae 9 (1946) 355-364.)
- —. “The Authenticity of Ancient Chinese Texts.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 1 (1929) 165-183.
- Loewe, Michael, ed. Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1993.
- Maspero, Henri. La Chine antique. Nouvelle edition. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1955.
General (Chinese literature)
- Birch, Cyril, ed. Anthology of Chinese Literature from Early Times to the fourteenth century. New York: Grove Press, 1965.
- —, Scenes for Mandarins: The Elite Theater of the Ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995.
- Chang, Kang-i Sun. “A Guide to Ming Ch’ing Anthologies of Women’s Poetry and Their Selection Strategies.” Gest Library Journal 5, 2 (1992): 119-60.
- Chaves, Jonathan, trans. and ed. The Columbia Book of Later Chinese Poetry: Yuan, Ming, and Ch’ing Dynasties (1279-1911). New York. Columbia University Press, 1986.
- Ch’en, Li-Li, trans. Master Tung’s Western Chamber Romance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
- Crump, J. I., trans. Chan-kuo Ts’e. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.
- Eide, Elling, trans. Poems by Li Po. Lexington, Kentucky: Anvil Press, 1984. With separate volume, Translator’s Note and Finding Lists.
- —. Ballads and Stories From Tun-huang. London: Allen and Unwin, 1960.
- Hanan, Patrick, trans. The Carnal Prayer Mat, Li Yu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.
- Hawkes, David, trans. Ch’u Tz’u: The Songs of the South. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1959. New York: Penguin, 1985.
- Holzman, Donald. Chinese Literature in Transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998.
- Hung, William. Tu Fu: China’s Greatest Poet. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1952. See also his Supplemental Volume of Notes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1952.
- Knechtges, David, trans. Wen xuan or Selections of Refined Literature. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982. Volume 3: Rapsodies on Natural Phenomena, Birds and Animals, Aspirations and Feelings, Sorrowful Laments, Literature, Music, and Passions, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.
- Landau, Julie, trans. Beyond Spring: Tzu Poems of the Sung Dynasty. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
- Leslie, Donald. Islamic Literature in Chinese. Canberra: College of Advanced Education, 1981.
- Liu, Wu-chi and Irving Lo, eds. Sunflower Splendor: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Poetry. New York: Anchor Books, 1975.
- Mair, Victor, ed. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
- Owen, Stephen. An Anthology of Chinese Literature: Beginnings to 1911. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996.
- Roy, David, trans. The Plum in the Golden Vase or, Chin P’ing Mei. Volume One: “The Gathering.” Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
- Waley, Arthur. The Life and Times of Po Chu-i. London: Allen and Unwin, 1949.
- Watson, Burton, trans. and ed. The Columbia Book of Chinese Poetry: From Early Times to the Thirteenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.
- —, trans. The Tso Chuan: Selections from China’s Oldest Narrative History. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
- Wong, Siu-kit, trans. Early Chinese Literary Criticism. Taipei: Bookman Books, 1983.
- Wu, Ching-tzu. The Scholars. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
- Wu, Yenna, The Lioness Roars: Shrew Stories from Late Imperial China. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
- Xu Gan. Balanced Discourses. Bilingual Edition. Translated by John Makeham, with introductions by Dang Shengyuan and John Makeham. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
- Yu, Anthony C. Rereading the Stone: Desire and the Making of Fiction in Dream of the Red Chamber. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Chunqiu Zuozhuan 春秋左傳 (Springs and Autumns & the Zuo Commentaries)
- Cheng, Ann. Etude sur le Confucianisme Han. Paris: College de France, Institut des Hautes Etudes chinoises, 1985.
- Ch’i, Ssu-ho. “Professor Hung on the Ch’un ch’iu.” Yenching Journal of Social Studies 1 & 2 (June 1938 & Feb. 1940) 49-71.
- Couvreur, Seraphin. Tch’ouen ts’iou et Tso-tchouan. Ho Kien Fu: Mission catholique, 1914.
- Elman, Benjamin A. Classicism, Politics, and Kinship: The Ch’ang-chou School of New Text Confucianism in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
- Karlgren, Bernhard. On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan. Goteborg: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag, 1926.
- Kennedy, George. “Interpretation of the Ch’un Ch’iu.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 62 (1942) 40-48.
- Legge, James. The Ch’un Ts’eu, with Tso Chuen. The Chinese Classics, Vol. V. London: Trubner, 1872.
- Maspero, Henri. “La composition et la date du Tso Tchouan.” Melanqes chinois et bouddhiques 1 (1931-32) 137-215.
- Queen, Sarah. From Chronicle to Canon: The Hermeneutics of the Spring and Autumn Annals, According to Tung Chung-shu. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
- Woo, Kang. (Wu Kang). Les trois theories politiques du Tch’ouen Ts’ieou. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1932.
- Yang, Bojun. 楊 伯 峻, comp. Chun qiu Zuo zhuan ci dian 春 秋 左 傳 詞 典 (Phrase dictionary of the Spring and Autumn Annals and Tso Commentary). Beijing: Xin hua Bookstore, 1985.
Liji 禮記 (Record of Rites)
- Biot, Edouard. Le Tcheou-Li ou Rites des Tcheou. Paris: L’imprimerie Nationale, 1851.
- Couvreur, S. Li Ki. Ho Kien Fan: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, 1913.
- Karlgren, Bernhard. “The Early History of the Chou Li and Tso Chuan Texts.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 3 (1931): 1-59.
- Legge, James, The Texts of Confucianism. Li Ki. Oxford: Clarendon, 1885.
- Noma Fumichika, compiler. Shurai sakuin 周 禮 索 引 (Index to the Rites of Chou). Fukuoka-shi: Chugoku shoten, 1989.
- Steele, John. The I-li or Book of Etiqette and Ceremonial. London: Probsthain, 1917.
- Wilhelm, Richard, Li Gi, Das Buch der Sitte des alteren und Jungeren Dai. Jena: Eugen Diederichs, 1930
Shangshu 尚書 (Documents Classic)
- Chavannes, Edouard. Les Memoires historiques de Se-ma Ts’ien. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1895. Vol. I, Introduction, pp. cxiii-cxxxvi.
- Creel, H. Studies in Early Chinese Culture. Baltimore: Waverly Press, 1937, pp. 55-89.
- —. Confucius. The Man and the Myth. New York: John Day, 1949.
- Karlgren, Bernhard. “The Book of Documents,” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 22 (1950): 1-81.
- —. “Glosses on the Book of Documents.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 20 (1948): 39-315 and 21 (1949).
- Legge, James. The Shoo King or the Book of Historical Documents. The Chinese Classics, Vols III, IV. London: Oxford University Press, 1865.
- Nylan, Michael. The Shifting Center: The Original “Great Plan” and Later Readings. Sankt Augustin: Institute Monumenta Serica, 1992. Explores the exegetical tradition underlying this early source of political, cosmological, and social theory included as a “New Text” chapter in the Documents Classic.
- Pelliot, Paul. “Le Chou King en characteres anciens et le Chang Chou Che Wen.” Memoires concernant l’Asie Orientale, L’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Vol. II, pp. 123-176. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1916.
- Tjan, Tjoe Som (Tseng Chu-sen). Po Hu T’ung, The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1949 & 1952.
Shijing 詩經 (Poetry Classics)
- Saussy, Haun, The Problem of a Chinese Aesthetic. Stanford University Press, 1993. Well-received study of the reading of the Classic of Poetry and the question of allegory and metaphor in Chinese poetics.
- Van Zoeren, Stephen, Poetry and Personality: Reading Exegesis and Hermeneutics in Traditional China. Stanford University Press, 1991. Focuses on the traditional commentaries to the Classic of Poetry (also called “Book of Odes”).
Yijing 易經 (Change Classic)
- Legge, James. The Texts of Confucianism. Pt. II: The Yi King. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899.
- Lynn, Richard John, trans. The Columbia I-ching on CD-ROM. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
- The Multimedia I Ching: The I Ching or Book of Changes, from the original Wilhelm/Baynes Translation. New on CD-ROM. Princeton University Press, 1997.
- Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956. Vol. II, pp. 304-329.
- Nylan, Michael, trans. The Elemental Changes: The Ancient Companion to the I Ching: The T’ai Hsuan China. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.
- Ritsema , Rudolf & Stephan Karcher, trans. I Ching: The Classic Chinese Oracle of Change: The First Complete Translation With Concordance. Rockport, MA: Element Books. 1994. A translation inspired by C.G. Jung’s theories of the psyche. The concordance is based on English terms only.
- Rutt, Richard, trans. Zhou Yi: A New Translation with Commentary of the Book of Changes. Durham East Asia Series, 1996.
- Shaughnessy, Edward, trans. I Ching: The Classic of Changes. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997. Translation by a highly regarded specialist in early Chou bronzes and texts.
- Shchutskii, Iulian. Researches on the I-ching. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
- Smith, Kidder, Jr., et al. Sung Dynasty Uses of the I ching. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
- Waley, Arthur. “The Book of Changes.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 5 (1934): 121-42.
- Wilhelm, Hellmut. Change. Eight Lectures on the I Ching. Trans. by Cary F. Baynes. New York: Pantheon Books, 1960.
- —. Heaven, Earth, and Man in the Book of Changes. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977.
- —. Die Wandlung: acht vortrage zum I-Ging. Beijing: Vetch, 1944.
- Wilhelm, Richard. The I Ching, or Book of Changes. Trans. by Cary F. Baynes. 2 vols. New York: Pantheon Books, 1950.
Literature
- Ashmore, Robert. “The Banquet’s Aftermath: Yan Jidao’s Ci Poetics and the High Tradition.” T’oung Pao Vol. 88 Fasc. 4/5 (2002): 211-250.
- Birch, Cyril, ed. Anthology of Chinese Literature: From Early Times to the Fourteenth Century. New York: Grove Press, 1965.
- Cai, Zong-qi (ed.). A Chinese Literary Mind: Culture, Creativity, and Rhetoric in Wenxin diaolong. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
- Chan, Timothy Wai Keung. “A Tale of Two Worlds: The Late Tang Poetic Presentation of The Romance of the Peach Blossom Font.” T’oung Pao Volume 94 Numbers 4-5 2008: 209-245.
- —. “The ‘Ganyu‘ of Chen Ziang: Questions on the Formation of a Poetic Genre.” T’oung Pao Vol. 87 Fasc. 1/3 (2001): 14-42.
- Chan, Leo Tak-Hung. The Discourse on Foxes and Ghosts: Ji Yun and Eighteenth-Century Literati Storytelling. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
- Chang, Kang-i Sun. The Evolution of Chinese Tz’u Poetry from the Late T’ang to Northern Sung. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
- Chaves, Jonathan, ed. and trans. The Columbia Book of Later Chinese Poetry: Yuan, Ming and Ch’ing Dynasties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.
- Chen, Yu-shih. Images and Ideas in Chinese Classical Prose: Studies of Four Masters. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.
- Ch’en, Shou-yi. Chinese Literature: A Historical Introduction. New York: Ronald Press, 1961.
- Chou, Eva Shan. Reconsidering Tu Fu: Literary Greatness and Cultural Context. Cambridge University Press, 1995.
- Crump, J. I. Intrigues: Studies of the Chan-kuo Ts’e. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963.
- Egan, Charles H. “Reconsidering the Role of Folk Songs in Pre-T’ang Y?eh-fu Development.” T’oung Pao Volume 86 Numbers 1-3 2000: 47-99.
- Egan, Ronald. The Literary Works of Ou-yang Hsiu (1007-72). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
- —. Word, Image, and Deed in the Life of Su Shi. Cambridge: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1994.
- Hanan, Patrick, The Invention of Li Yu. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.
- —, trans. The Carnal Prayer Mat, Li Yu. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.
- —, Chinese Fiction of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Essays By Patrick Hanan. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
- Hartman, Charles. “The Reluctant Historian: Sun Ti, Chu Hsi, and the Fall of Northern Sung.” T’oung Pao Vol 89 Fasc. 1/3 (2003): 100-148.
- Hawkes, David, trans. Liu Yi and the Dragon Princess: A Thirteenth-Century Zaju Play by Shang Zhongxian. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
- Hegel, Robert. The Novel in Seventeenth Century China. N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1981.
- Hightower, James R. Topics in Chinese Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, rev. ed., 1953.
- Holzman, Donald. Chinese Literature in Transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1998.
- Huang, Martin. Literati and Self-Re/Presentation: Autobiographical Sensibility in the Eighteenth-Century Chinese Novel. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
- Hughes, Ernest R. Two Chinese Poets: Vignettes of Han Life and Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.
- Idema, Wilt, & Lloyd Haft, A Guide to Chinese Literature. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1997. Resource for teachers and students in courses on Chinese literature.
- —, Li, Wai-yee, and Ellen Widmer, eds. Trauma and Transcendence in Early Qing Literature. Cambridge: Harvard East Asian Monographs, 2005.
- Inglis, Alister D. “A Textual History of Hong Mai’s Yijian zhi.” T’oung Pao Volume 93 Numbers 4-5 2007: 283-368.
- Jiang, Jin. “Butterfly Dreams: Narrating Women, Sex, and Morality in Chinese Theater.” The Chinese Historical Review Volume 16 Number 2 Fall 2009: 125-146.
- Kalinowski, Marc. “Les livres des jours (rishu) des Qin et des Han: la logique ?ditoriale du recueil A de Shuihudi (217 avant notre ?re).” T’oung Pao Volume 94 Numbers 1-3 2008: 1-48.
- Kern, Martin. “Ritual, Text, and the Formation of the Canon: Historical Transitions of ‘Wen‘ in Early China.” T’oung Pao Vol. 87 Fasc. 1/3 (2001): 43-91.
- Knechtges, David R. The Han Rhapsody: A Study of Fu of Yang Hsiung (53 B. C. – A. D. 18. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
- Kroll, Paul W. “Nostalgia and History in Mid-Ninth-Century Verse: Cheng Y?’s Poem on ‘The Chin-Yang Gate’.”T’oung Pao Vol. 89 Fasc. 4/5 (2003): 286-366.
- Kwong, Charles Yim-tze. Tao Qian and the Chinese Poetic Tradition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Center for Chinese Studies, 1994.
- Leslie, Donald. Islamic Literature in Chinese. Canberra: College of Advanced Education, 1981.
- Li, Wai-yee. Enchantment and Disenchantment: Love and Illusion in Chinese Literature. Princeton University Press, 1993.
- Liu, James J. Y. The Art of Chinese Poetry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.
- —. Chinese Theories of Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.
- Lu, Sheldon. From Historicity to Fictionality: the Chinese Poetics of Narrative. Stanford University Pree, 1994.
- Mackerras, Colin, The Rise of the Peking Opera, 1770-1870: Social Aspects of the Theatre in Manchu China. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.
- —. Chinese Theater: From its Origins to the Present Day. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.
- Mair, Victor, ed. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 1280 pp.
- —, ed., The Shorter Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. 704 pp.
- —, ed. The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. 1376 pp.
- Mc Craw, David. Chinese Lyricists of the Seventeenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
- Minford, John, and S. M. Lau, eds. Classical Chinese Literature: An Anthology of Translations. Volume One: From Antiquity to the Tang Dynasty. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. 1248 pp.
- Murck, Alfreda. Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent. Cambridge: Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 2000; 2002.
- Nienhauser, William H. Jr. “A Note on a Textual Problem in the ‘shih chi‘ and Some Speculations concerning the Compilation of the Hereditary Houses.” T’oung Pao Vol 89 Fasc. 1/3 (2003): 39-58.
- —, ed. and compiler. The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986.
- Nugent, Christopher M.B. “Literary Collections in Tang Dynasty China.” T’oung Pao Volume 93 Numbers 1-3 2007: 1-52.
- Owen, Stephen. Traditional Chinese Poetry and Poetics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.
- —. The Great Age of Chinese Poetry: The High T’ang. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.
- —. Remembrances: The Experience of the Past in Classical Chinese Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.
- Plaks, Andrew. Chinese Narrative: Critical and Theoretical Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.
- Pollard, David, trans. The Chinese Essay: An Anthology. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
- Ropp, Paul, Dissent in Early Modern China: Ju-lin wai-shih and Ch’ing Social Criticism. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981.
- Schmidt-Glintzer, Helwig. Geschichte der chinesischen Literatur. Bern and Munich: Scherz verlag, 1990.
- Schmidt, J. D. Within the Human Realm: The Poetry of Huang Zunxian, 1848-1905. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
- Sieber, Patricia. Theaters of Desire: Authors, Readers, and the Reproduction of Early Chinese Song- Drama, 1300-2000. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
- Strassberg, Richard. The World of K’ung Shang-jen: A Man of Letters in Early Ch’ing China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
- Shao, Ping. “Huineng, Subh?ti, and Monkey’a Religion in Xiyou ji.” The Journal of Asian Studies Volume 65 Issue 04 November 2006: 713-740.
- Stone, Charles R. The Fountainhead of Chinese Erotica: The Lord of Perfect Satisfaction (Ruyijun zhuan). Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2003.
- Strassberg, Richard E. A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the Guideways through Mountains and Seas. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002.
- Watson, Burton, trans. Po Chu-i: Selected Poems. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
- —, trans., Selected Poems of Du Fu. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
- Yang, Xiaoshan. Metamorphosis of the Private Sphere: Gardens and Objects in Tang-Song Poetry. Cambridge: Harvard East Asian Monographs, 2003.
- Van Zoeren, Steven. Poetry and Personality: Reading, Exegesis, and Hermeneutics in Traditional China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.
- Waley, Arthur, The Nine Songs: A Study of Shamanism in Ancient China. London: Allen & Unwin, 1955.
- —, trans. The Temple and Other Poems. New York: Knopf, 1923.
- —. Translations from the Chinese. New York: Knopf, 1941.
- Watson, Burton. Early Chinese Literature. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962.
- Widmer, Ellen. The Margins of Utopia: Shui-hu hou-chuan and the Literature of Ming Loyalism. Cambridge: Harvard University Council on East Asian Studies, 1987.
- Yu, Anthony C. Rereading the Stone: Desire and the Making of Fiction in Dream of the Red Chamber. Princeton University Press, 1997.
- Yu, Anthony C. Rereading the Stone: Desire and the Making of Fiction in Dream of the Red Chamber. University of Chicago Press, 1997.
- Yu, Pauline. The Reading of Imagery in the Chinese Poetic Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
- —, ed. Voices of the Sung Lyric in China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
- Zeitlin, Judith. Historian of the Strange: Pu Songling and the Chinese Classical Tale. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
- — and Liu, Lydia H. (ed.). Writing and Materiality in China: Essays in Honor of Patrick Hanan. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center for Harvard-Yenching Institute, 2003.
- Zhou, Zuyan. “Chaos and the Gourd in ‘The Dream of the Red Chamber’.” T’oung Pao Vol. 87 Fasc. 4/5 (2001): 251-288.
Bibliography of Philosophy & Translations
*This category has general sources followed by more specific topics.
General introduction and collected translations
- Chan, Wing-tsit. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
- Creel, H. Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. Chicago: University of Chicago press, 1953. Paperback ed., New York: Mentor Books, 1960.
- de Bary, Wm. Theodore, Wing Tsit-chan, & Burton Watson. Sources of Chinese Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1960. Paperback ed. in 2 vols., 1964.
- Fung, Yu-lan. A History of Chinese Philosophy. Trans. by Derk Bodde. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1953.
- —. A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. ed. by Derk Bodde. New York: Macmillan, 1948. Paperback ed., 1966.
- —. The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy. London: Kegan Paul, 1947. Paperback ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.
- Hughes, Ernest R. Chinese Philosophy in Classical Times. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1942.
- Loewe, Michael. Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, UC Berkeley, 1993.
- Nylan, Michael. The Five “Confucian” Classics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
- Rickett, Allyn W. The Kuan-tzu, A Repository of Early Chinese Thought. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1965.
- —. Guanzi: Political, Economic, and Philosophical Essays from Early China. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
- Waley, Arthur. Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China. New York: Macmillan, 1939. Paperback ed. Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1956.
Buddhist writings 佛學
- Donner, Neal, & Daniel Stevenson, trans. The Great Calming and Contemplation: A Study and Annotated Translation of the First Chapter of Chih’i-‘s Mo-ho Chih-kuan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.
- Gregory, Peter, trans. Inquiry Into the Origin of Humanity: An Annotated Translation of Tsung-mi’s [ 宗 密 ] Yuan jen lun [ 原 人 論 ] with a Modern Commentary. University of Hawaii, 1995.
- Keenan, John. How Master Mou Removes Our Doubts: A Reader-Response Study and Translation of the Mou-tzu Li-huo Lun. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.
- Watson, Burton, trans. The Lotus Sutra. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
- —, trans. The Vimalakirti Sutra. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Confucianism 孔教
- Bol, Peter K. This Culture of Ours: Intellectual Transitions in T’ang and Sung China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
- Chin, Ann-ping and Mansfield Freeman, trans. Tai Chen On Mencius. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
- de Bary, William Theodore, trans. Waiting for the Dawn: A Plan for the Prince. Huang Tsung-hsi’s Ming-i tai-fang lu. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
- Ebrey, Patricia. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing About Rites. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
- Elman, Benjamin. From Philosophy to Philology: Social and Intellectual Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China. Cambridge: Harvard University Council on East Asian Studies, 1984, 1990.
- —. Classicism, Politics, and Kinship: The Ch’ang-chou School of New Text Confucianism in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
- Ewell, John, trans. Re-Inventing the Way: Dai Zhen’s “Evidential Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in Mencius.” Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.
- Henderson, John. Scripture, Canon, and Commentary: A Comparison of Confucian and Western Exegesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
- —. The Development and Decline of Chinese Cosmology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.
- —. The Construction of Orthodoxy and Heresy: Neo-Confucian, Islamic, Jewish, and Early Christian Patterns. Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.
- Ko, Dorothy. Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
- Teng, Ssu-yu, trans. Family Traditions for the Yen Clan. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988. Translation of the Yan shi jia xun 顏 氏 家 訓.
- Tseng, Chi-feng. Testimony of a Confucian Women. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993.
- Yu, Ying-shih. “Some Preliminary Observations on the Rise of Ch’ing Confucian Intellectualism,” Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies, New Series 11 (1973): 105-144.
Confucius 孔子
- Brooks, E. Bruce, & A. Takeo Brooks, trans. The Original Analects: Sayings of Confucius and His Successors. N.Y. Columbia University Press, 1998. Study of the Analects evolving over 230 years following Confucius’ death.
- Creel, H. G. Confucius, the Man and the Myth. New York: John Day, 1949. Paperback ed. under the title Confucius and the Chinese Way. New York: Harper, 1960.
- Eno, Robert. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of Ritual Mastery. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.
- Hall, David, & Roger Ames. Thinking Through Confucius. Albany: SUNY Press, 1987.
- Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius:The Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.
- Jensen, Lionel. Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization. Duke University Press, 1997. Controversial, selective, and polemical account of Jesuit’s impact on European studies in the 17th century and early 20th century Chinese views of so-called “Confucianism.” First two chapters are recommended.
- Lao, D. C., trans. The Analects. Harmonsdsworth; New York: Penguin, 1979.
- Legge, James. Confucian Analects. In Vol. I of Chinese Classics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1893-95.
- Rule, Paul. K’ung-tzu or Confucius: The Jesuit Interpretation of Confucianism. Sydney: Allen and Unwin Australia, 1986.
- Soothill, W. E. The Analects of Confucius. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.
- Waley, Arthur, The Analects of Confucius. London: Allen & Unwin, 1938. Paperback ed., New York: Random House, 1938.
- Ware, James R. The Sayings of Confucius: The Teachings of China’s Greatest Sage. Paperback. New York: Mentor Books, 1955.
Daoism 道家道教 & Daoist writings 老莊玄學
- Bokenkamp, Stephen. Early Daoist Scriptures. With a contribution by Peter Nickerson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
- Kohn, Livia. Laughing At the Tao: Debates Among Buddhists and Taoists in Medieval China. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Translation of Zhen Luan’s 甄 鸞 Xiao dao lun 笑 道 論.
- —, ed. Daoism Handbook. 2 vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2004.
- Legge, James. The Texts of Taoism. New York: Julian Press, 1959. Reprinted from Sacred Books of the East, Vols. 39-40. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 189.
- Porke, Anton. Yang Chu’s Garden of Pleasure. New York: Dutton, 1912.
- Schipper, Kristofer, and Franciscus Verellen, eds., The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion o the Daozang. 3 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
- Thompson, Paul, trans. The Shen-tzu 慎 子 Fragments. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979.
- Welch, Holmes. The Parting of the Way: Lao Tzu and the Taoist Movement. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957.
Huainanzi 淮南子
- Ames, Roger. The Art of Rulership. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1983.
- LeBlanc, Charles. Huai-nan Tzu: Philosophical Synthesis in Early Han Thought. Hong Kong University Press, 1985.
- Major, John. Heaven and Earth in Early Han Thought: Chapters Three, Four, and Five of the Huainanzi. Albany: SUNY Press.
- Morgan, Evan. Tao, the Great Luminant. London: Kogan Paul, 1935. Translated from the Huai-nan-tzu.
- Roth, Harold. The Textual History of the Huai-nan Tzu. Ann Arbor: AAS Monograph Series, 1992.
Laozi 老子
- Bahm, Archie. Tao Teh King by Lao Tzu, Interpreted as Nature and Intelligence. Paperback. New York: Frederick Ungar Pub. Co., 1958.
- Carus, Paul. The Canon of Reason and Virtue. Paperback. Chicago: Open Court, 1945.
- Chan, Wing-tsit. The Way of Lao Tzu. Paperback. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1963.
- Chu, Ta-kao. Tao Te Ching. 5th ed. London: Allen and Unwin, 1959.
- Csikszentmihalyi, Mark, & Philip Ivanhoe, eds. Religious and Philosophical Aspects of the Laozi. Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.
- Duyvendak, J. J. L. Tao Te Ching: The Book of the Way and Its Virtue. London: John Murray, 1954.
- Henricks, Robert G. Lao-tzu: Te-tao Ching. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.
- Kohn, Livia, & Michael LaFargue, eds. Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching. Albany: SUNY Press.
- LaFargue, Michael. The Tao of the Tao-te-ching: A Translation and Commentary. Albany: SUNY Press, 1992.
- Lau, D. C., trans. Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1963.
- Waley, Arthur. The Way and Its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and Its Place in Chinese Thought. New York: Macmillan, 1934. Paperback ed. New York: Grove Press, 1958.
Liezi 列子
- Giles, Lionel. Taoist Teachings from the Book of Lieh Tzu. 2nd ed. London: John Murray, 1947.
- Graham, A.C. The Book of Lieh Tzu. London: John Murray, 1961
Mengzi 孟子
- Chin, Ann-ping and Mansfield Freeman, trans. Tai Chen On Mencius. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.
- Dobson, W. A. C. H. Mencius, A New Translation Arranged and Annotated for the General Reader. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963. Paperback ed., Canadian University Paperbooks, No. 52.
- Ewell, John, trans. Re-Inventing the Way: Dai Zhen’s “Evidential Commentary on the Meanings of Terms in Mencius .”Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1990.
- Lau, D. C. Mencius. New York: Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1970.
- Legge, James. The Works of Mencius. Chinese Classics vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1893-95.
- Lyall, Leonard A. Mencius. London: Longmans, Green, 1932.
- Richards, I. A. Mencius on the Mind. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1932. Reprint Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1996 reprint of 1932 edition.
- Ware, James. The Sayings of Mencius. New York: Mentor Books, 1960. Paperback.
Mozi 墨子
- Mei, Y.P., The Ethical and Political Works of Motse. London: Probsthain, 1929.
Xunzi 荀子
- Dubs, Homer. Hsuntze, the Moulder of Ancient Confucianism. London: Probsthain, 1927.
- Knoblock, John, trans. Hsun-tzu: A Translation and Study of the Complete Works. 3 vols. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988-1994.
- Watson, Burton. Hsun Tzu. Basic Writings. Paperback ed. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.
Zhu Xi 朱熹, Daoxue 道學, and Neo-Confucianism 新儒學
- Birdwhistell, Anne. Transition to Neo-Confucianism: Shao Yung on Knowledge and Symbols of Reality. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.
- Bol, Peter K. This Culture of Ours: Intellectual Transitions in T’ang and Sung China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
- Chan, Wing-tsit, trans. Reflections On Things At Hand: The Neo-Confucian Anthology Compiled by Chu Hsi and lu Tsu-ch’ien. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.
- —, trans. Instructions For Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian Writings by Wang Yang-ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.
- —, ed. Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1986.
- —. Chu Hsi: New Studies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.
- Ching, Julia. To Acquire Wisdom: The Way of Wang Yang-ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
- de Bary, Wm. T., ed. Self and Society in Ming Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.
- — and Tu Wei-ming, eds. Confucianism and Human Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998. Contributors: Sumner B. Twiss, Henry Rosemont, Jr., Julia Ching, Daniel W.Y. Kwok, Irene Bloom, Wejen Chang, Chung-ying Cheng, Yu Fen, Ron Guey Chu, Wm. Theodore de Bary, Alison W. Conner, Joan Judge, Peter Zarrow, Randall Peerenboom, Merle Goldman, Jeremy T. Paltiel, Louis Henkin, and Tu Weiming.
- —, ed. The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
- —, & John Chaffee, eds. Neo-Confucian Education. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.
- Gardner, Daniel K. Chu Hsi: Learning to Be a Sage. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Selections of the Zhuzi yu lei 朱 子 語 類 (Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topially).
- —. Chu Hsi and the Ta-hsueh: Neo-Confucian Reflection on the Confucian Canon. Cambridge: Harvard Council on East Asian Studies, 1986.
- Langlois, John, Jr. ed. China Under Mongol Rule. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.
- Metzger, Thomas A. Escape From Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
- Tillman, Hoyt C. Confucian Discourse and Chu Hsi’s Ascendancy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1992.
- —, & Stephen West, eds., China Under Jurchen Rule. Albany: SUNY Press,1995.
- Tu, Wei-ming. Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming’s Youth (1472-1529). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.
- Wilson, Thomas A. Genealogy of the Way: The Construction and Uses of the Confucian Tradition in late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
- Wittenborn, Allen, trans. Further Reflections on Things at Hand, by Chang Po-hsing. Lanlam: University Press of America, 1991.
- Wyatt, Don. The Recluse of Loyang: Shao Yung and the Moral Evolution of Early Sung Thought. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.
9. Epigraphical Sources and Paleography
Introduction
(Compiled with the help of Bruce Rusk)
Chine, L’EMPIRE DU TRAIT (China, empire of the brush stroke) This link opens in a new window
Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, France. Language: French, minor parts in English.
- Description: This website is the online part of the 2004 exhibition at the French National Library on Chinese calligraphy. It comprises texts and illustrations from the printed catalog with a number of additional material, i.e. video sequences on the Dunhuang manuscripts and a multipart interview with Fan Zheng. The excellent objects of the Oriental Manuscripts department, where also the Pelliot collection belongs to, form the core of the impressive show. Quite unfortunately, the English Pages only cover the very short captions of the “en images” part; all other information is French only.
- Contents: (1) en images; (2) arrêt sur; (3) repères; (4) gros plans; (5) rencentre; (6) le pavillon des lettrés; (7) informations; (8) crédits.
- Note: Quicktime player is required for the video material.
- The Origins of Chinese Characters. Sinolingua, 1997.This book is intended as a guide to the origins and histories of Chinese characters. It can be used as a Chinese etymological dictionary.
- Hansen, Valerie. “Inscriptions: Historical Sources for the Song.” The Bulletin of Song Yuan Studies 19(1987): 17-25.
- Li Leyi, ed. Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases. Beijing: Beijing yu yan da xue chu ban she, 1994. Revised edition 2002.This book features 500 Chinese characters arranged in alphabetical order by their pinyin Romanization. The evolution of each character is first traced from its original graph and then through each of its eight possible evolutionary stages. Such forms include oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, small seal characters, regular script, grass stroke, and free style calligraphy.
- Qiu Xigui. Chinese Writing. Translated by Gilbert L. Mattos and Jerry Norman. Berkeley: Society for Study of Early China, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 2000.
- Vermeer, E.B. (Eduard B.). Chinese Local History: Stone Inscriptions from Fukien in the Sung to Ch’ing Periods. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.
More advanced sources
- Shi ke shi liao xin bian 石刻史料新編 (New edition of historical materials carved on stone). 3 series 三輯. Taibei: Xin wen feng chu ban gong si, 1977/1982, 1979, 1986.This is the most complete set of epigraphic sources, which includes an enormous amount of primary and secondary material (including thejinshi ?? sections of many gazetteers) in facsimile. The three series consist of 90 volumes altogether containing around 1,030 collections of stone inscriptions of various types. The earliest collections and compilations date from the Song dynasty but most works are later, some of recent (1980) origin. The greater part of the material was collected and composed in the Qing dynasty. A large number of rarities, difficult-to-find and hard-to-obtain works, and many otherwise not well known or unpublished manuscripts are included.There are two indices:
- Kuhn, Dieter, & Helga Stahl. Annotated Bibliography to the Shike shiliao xinbian (New Edition of Historical Materials Carved on Stone). Heidelberg: Edition Forum, 1991. ISBN 3-927943-04-5 [Gest Ref. PL2448 .K79 1991]. The entries in the Annotated Bibliography are arranged alphabetically by title (including the Chinese characters), date of compilation (preface, foreword), name and dates of author or compiler, period of time and geographical region covered by the work, short comment on the contents, inclusion of the title in bibliographic catalogues, edition or congshu used for the reprint. The name of persons of the Song, Liao, Jin, and Wei & Qi dynasties whose completely transcribed epitaphs can be found in the series, are listed in the order of appearance in the title entry. An alphabetically arranged list of these persons as well as an index to the authors is also supplied.
- Shi ke shi liao xin bian di yi, er, san ji shu ming zhu zhe suo yin. 石刻史料新編第一, 二, 三輯書名著者索引 Index of writers and books in the three series of the New edition of historical materials carved on stone). Takahashi Tsuguo; [Gao Mingshi yi]. Taibei: Xin wen feng chu ban gong si, 1995.
Other large epigraphical sources
Academia Sinica This link opens in a new window
Has some online epigraphic materials on their websiteRubbings in Digitalarchives.tw This link opens in a new window
It is part of the Taiwan e-Learning & Digital Archives Program (數位典藏與數位學習國家型科技計畫). It is divided into three parts, which are rubbings of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文拓片, divided into 32 categories, 24,031 items), stone inscriptions (石刻部, divided into 17 categories, 12,814 items) and bronze inscriptions (吉金部, divided into 10 categories, 14,785 items).- For this part, the National Digital Library of China provides “The World of Oracle Bone Inscriptions (甲骨世界)”, which includes images of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨實物) and rubbings of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨拓片), as well as “Selection of Rubbings (碑帖菁華)”, which includes other rubbings (拓片).
- This database includes rare books, other ancient Chinese books, rubbings of bronze inscriptions and stone inscriptions, ancient Chinese maps, and ancient Chinese contracts, etc., which are preserved in Peking University Library. More and more materials are being digitalized and put online. You can use the default username and password (“guest” and “guest”) which are shown on the webpage to log in. However, it is not for free use. They divided the users into three ranks, so the “guest” users can only view the catalogue information and the thumbnails of some objects in the collection. If you find some materials which are really useful to your research from this database, you can just contact them by email and find a way to pay the fee, they will provide the electronic version of the materials you need.
Chinese Rubbings Collection in Harvard University Library This link opens in a new window
This online collection currently houses 2,602 individual East Asian rubbings, the majority of which are from China. The rubbings were made from ancient stone stelae, tomb tablets, Buddhist and Daoist scriptures on stelae and rocks, as well as inscriptions and designs copied from bronze vessels, jade objects, ceramics, tomb bricks, and roof tiles, objects dating from the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE) to the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 CE). The most significant rubbings in the collection are those from Xiaotangshan (孝堂山) stone chamber, Wu Liang shrine (武梁祠) in Shandong Province dating from the Han Period (206 BCE-220 CE), the Forest of Stelae at Xi’an (西安碑林), and Buddhist grotto sites in Gongxian (鞏縣) and Longmen (龍門) in Henan Province dating from the Northern Wei period (386-534 CE).Chinese Etymology This link opens in a new window
A website established and maintained by Mr. Richard Sears. He have used 20 years to work on Chinese etymology and put the materials on-line. You can use this website to look up the etymological information for every single Chinese character. The website is without advertisements and free to use.
- Beijing tu shu guan cang Zhongguo li dai shi ke ta ben hui bian 北 京圖書館藏中國歷代石刻拓本匯編 (Compendium of stone inscriptions and works from successive Chinese dynasties collected in the Beijing Library). Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou guji chuban she (1989-). Zhengzhou, Henan: Zhongzhou gu ji chu ban she, 1989- . Collection of rubbings from ancient times to the 20th century in the Beijing Library. The Ming and Qing volumes (over 40 volumes alone) include civil examination materials from the provincial and metropolitan examinations.
- Li dai shi ke shi liao hui bian 歷代石刻史料匯編. 16 vols. Beijing: Beijing tu shu guan chu ban she, 2000. [Marquand PL2448 .L48 2000]. Contents: 1-2. Xian Qin Qin Han Wei Jin Nan Bei chao — 3-6. Sui Tang Wu dai — 7-10. Liang Song — 11-13. Liao Jin Yuan — 14-16. Ming Qing.
- National Library of China, Database of Stone Inscriptions: 16,584 items with 21,000 images are now available to the general public, representing about 38% of all extant Chinese inscriptions. They hope to place all digitized inscriptions online by the end of 2006. The holdings of Beijing University Library are not included.
- Shi tou shang de ru jia wen xian: Qufu bei wen lu 石頭上的儒家文獻:曲阜 碑文錄 (Confucian writings on stone: record of texts on Qufu stelae). Luo Chenglie hui bian. Publisher Jinan : Qi Lu shu she, 2001.
- Starr, Kenneth, et al. Catalogue of Chinese Rubbings from Field Museum. Chicago: Fieldiana Anthropology New Series, #3, 1981. Researched by Hoshien Tchen, M. Kenneth Starr; prepared by Alice K. Schneider; photographs by Herta Newton and Field Museum, Division of Photography; edited by Hartmut Walravens.
- Shi ke ti ba suo yin 石刻題跋索引 (Index to colophons for stone inscriptions). Yang Dianxun, ed. Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1957. [Gest Reference R2096.5/4271]. Revised edition 1980. The most complete index to premodern colophons on or relating to inscriptions on stone and bronze from “Xia” to Yuan
The University of California at Berkeley’s East Asian Library This link opens in a new window
2,700 Chinese rubbings, second in number among collections outside East Asia only to the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Some images are online
- Xi’an bei lin quan ji 西安碑林全集 (Complete collection of the Forest of Stelae in Xi’an). Gao Xia zhu bian ; Li Linna, Wang Yuanyin, Wang Qiyi fu zhu bian. 200 vols. in 25 cases. Guangzhou: Guangdong jing ji chu ban she ; [Shenzhen] : Hai tian chu ban she, 1999.Contents:1-58. Bei ke — 59-101. Mu zhi — 102-104. Shi ke xian hua — 105-106. Zao xiang ti ji — 107-110. Kaicheng shi jing. Zhou yi — 111-114. Kaicheng shi jing. Shang shu — 115-120. Kaicheng shi jing. Shi jing — 121-126. Kaicheng shi jing. Zhou li — 127-132. Kaicheng shi jing. Yi li – 133-142. Kaicheng shi jing. Li ji — 143-145. Kaicheng shi jing. Wu jing wen zi — 146. Kaicheng shi jing. Jiu jing zi yang — 147-168. Kaicheng shi jing. Chun qiu Zuo shi zhuan — 169-174. Kaicheng shi jing. Chun qiu Gongyang zhuan — 175-180. Kaicheng shi jing. Chun qiu Guliang zhuan — 181-182. Kaicheng shi jing. Lun yu — 183. Kaicheng shi jing. Xiao jing. Er ya – 184. Kaicheng shi jing. Er ya — 185-187. Kaicheng shi jing. Mengzi — 188. Kaicheng shi jing. Mengzi. Da xue. Zhong yong — 189-198. Shanxi bei shi jing hua — [suppl.] Bu yi juan.
Zhongguo li dai shi ke shi liao hui bian This link opens in a new window
Searchable database of Chinese epigraphical material.
10. Encyclopedias & the Shitong
Encyclopedias
- Beijing tu shu guan cang Zhongguo li dai shi ke ta ben hui bian 北京圖書館藏中國歷代石刻拓本匯編. Henan: Zhengzhou, 1990.
- Beijing tu shu guan gu ji zhen ben cong kan 北京圖書館古籍珍本叢刊. Beijing: Xin hua shu dian, 1988-.
- Gao Cheng 高承 (11th century), compiler. Shi wu ji yuan 事物紀源. In Cong shu ji cheng 叢書集成, v. 1209-1212.
- Giles, Lionel. An Alphabetical Index to the Chinese Encyclopedia. London: British Museum, 1911.
- Jiang Tingxi 蔣廷錫, et al., compilers. Gu jin tu shu ji cheng 古今圖書集成. Presented to the emperor in 1725. Photolithographic reproduction, Shanghai: Zhonghua shu ju, 1934.
- Smith, Richard J. “The Cultural Role of Popular Encyclopedias in Later Imperial China.”
- Tai ping yu lan 太平御覽. Compiled under imperial auspices by Li Fang 李昉(925-96) and others. Completed in 983. Photolithographic reproduction, Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1935. See also index in Harvard-Yenching Institute Sinological Index Series, volume 23.
- Wang Qi 王圻, compiler. San cai tu hui 三才圖會 (Pictorial Encyclopedias). 155 vols. Published in 1609.
- Wang Yinglin 王應麟 (13th century), compiler. Yu hai 玉海. 1806 ed.
- Yang Jialuo 楊家駱, compiler. Zhongguo wen xue bai ke quan shu 中國文學百科全書. Nanjing: Zhongguo ci dian guan, 1936 and 1937.
- Zhai Hao 翟灝, compiler. Tong su bian 通俗編. Latest dated pref. 1751. In Cong shu ji cheng 叢書集成 , v. 1222-1223.
Other documents
- These are less useful for the Qing since they are excerpts from sources that survive in full (especially the Hui dian 會 典 Dong hua lu 東 華 錄 Sheng xun 圣 訓 etc.
- See Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asian Research Center of Harvard University, 1973 for the four Qing encyclopedias in the “Ten T’ung” 十 通 set, pp. 126-28
- The Gu jin tu shu ji cheng 古 今 圖 書 集 成 (1725) which uses more primary sources, is good. There is an index by Lionel Giles (1911).
- Huang chao tong dian 皇 朝 通 典 (to 1785)
- Huang chao tong zhi 皇 朝 通 志 (to 1785)
- Huang chao wen xian tong kao 皇 朝 文 獻 通 考 (to 1785)
- Huang chao xu wen xian tong kao 皇 朝 續 文 獻 通 考 (1786-1911)
- Indexes to 1936 Commercial Press editions
- Huang chao zhang gu hui bian 皇 朝 掌 故 匯 編 (1902) in same tradition
- For other encyclopedias, see Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asian Research Center of Harvard University, 1973, pp. 162-69; Teng, Ssu-yu, & Knight Biggerstaff. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Third Edition. Harvard-Yenching Institute Series. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971, pp. 94-95.
- Fairbank, John K. Ch’ing Documents: An Introductory Syllabus. 3rd edition. Cambridge: East Asian Research Center of Harvard University, 1970, pp. 84-92.
11. Gazetteers, Civil Examinations
Collectanea
- Dong Fuxiang, compiler. Jin ke heng wen lu 近 科 衡 文 錄 (Balancing of civil examination essays from recent civil examinations). 1600 edition.
- Dong Qichang 董 其 昌, compiler. Xue ke kao lue 學 科 考 略 (Brief overview of civil examination studies). In Cong shu ji cheng, chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Feng Mingzhen 馮 夢 禎. Li dai gong ju zhi 歷 代 貢 舉 志 (Treatise on the evolution of civil service examinations ). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press,1936.
- Guo chao gong ju kao lue 國 朝 貢 舉 考 略. Metropolitan and provincial examinations 1645-1826.
- Guo chao ke chang yi wen lu 國 朝 科 場 異 聞 錄 (Recording unusual matters heard in the Qing examination grounds). Canton: Wei jing tang shu fang 味 經 堂 書 坊 edition. Qiantang, 1873 reprint.
- Jin shi san dai lu li bian lan 進 士 三 代 履 歷 便 覽 (Overview by region of backgrounds to three generations of civil jin shi graduates from 1646 to 1721 ). N.d.
- Huang Ming ce heng 皇 明 策 衡 . Policy questions and answers 1504-1604.
- Huang Ming cheng shi dian yao lu 皇 明 程 世 典 要 錄 (Digest of records of metropolitan examinations during the Ming dynasty). Metropolitan examinations 1371-1625. Late Ming edition.
- Huang Ming cheng shi lu 皇 明 程 世 錄 (Records of metropolitan examinations during the Ming dynasty), 1469-1499, metropolitan examinations. Late Ming Wanli edition.
- Huang Ming xiang hui shi er san chang cheng wen xuan 皇 明 鄉 會 試 二 三 場 程 文 選, 1504-1633 policy questions and answers, 1633 edition.
- Huang Zuo (1490-1566), compiler.Nan yong zhi 南 壅 志 (Gazetteer of the Southern National University). Reprint of Ming edition in 8 vols. Taibei: Wei wen, 1976.
- Li Tiaoyuan 李 調 元, compiler. Tan mo lu 炎 墨 錄 (Record of skilled civil examination papers ). In Hai han 海 涵 (Seas of writings). 1881 collectanea compiled by Li Tiaoyuan.
- Li Tiaoyuan, compiler. Zhi yi ke suo ji 制 藝 科 瑣 記 (Collection of fragments about the crafted 8-legged essays for civil examinations). Cong shu ji cheng chu bian edition. Also inHan hai 涵 海 for “Xu 序 (Preface).
- Li Zuwang, compiler. Zhi yi chao 制 藝 鈔 (Copies of 8-legged civil examination essays). In Jiangdu Li shi suo zhu shu 江 都 李 氏 所 著 書 (Books written by Mr. Li Zuwang of Yangzhou). Qing manuscript edition, Ca. 1851-74.
- Liang Zhangju 梁 章 鉅, compiler. Zhi yi cong hua 制 藝 叢 話 (Collected comments on the crafting of 8-legged civil examination essays). Reprint of 1859 edition Taibei: Kuang-wen Bookstore, 1976.
- Liu Tanzhi 劉 坦 之, compiler and annotator. Jin ke quan ti xin ce fa cheng 近 科 全 題 新 策 法 程 (Models of complete answers for new policy questions in recent provincial civil ta examinations). 1764 edition.
- Lu Xiangxie 呂 相 燮, compiler. Shi chang yi wen lu wu zhong 試 場 異 聞 錄 五 種 (Five works recording unusual matters heard in the examination grounds ). Qiantang, 1873 edition.
- Ma Duanlin 馬 端 臨, compiler. Wen xian tong kao 文 獻 通 考 (Comprehensive examination of civil institutions). In Shi tong 十 通 (Ten Comprehensive Encyclopedias ).
- Miao Tong 繆 肜, compiler. Lu chuan ji shi 臚 傳 紀 事 (Autobiography and record of occurrences ). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Qian Ming gong ju kao lue 前 明 貢 舉 考 略 , 1370-1643. Metropolitan and provincial examinations.
- Qian Ming ke chang yi wen lu 前 明 科 場 異 聞 錄. (Recording unusual matters heard in the Ming examination grounds). Canton: Wei jing tang shu fang 味 經 堂 書 坊 edition. Qiantang, 1873 reprint.
- Qin ding ding jia ce 欽 定 鼎 甲 策 (Imperially prescribed palace civil examination policy essays by the top three graduates). Essays from 1853 to 1883. N.d.
- Qin ding ke chang tiao li 欽 定 科 場 條 例 (Imperially prescribed guidelines for the civil examination grounds). 1834 edition.
- Qin ding mo kan tiao li 欽 定 磨 勘 條 例 (Imperially prescribed guidelines for post-examination review of civil examination papers). Qing dynasty, late Qianlong (r. 1736-95 ) edition.
- Qin Huitian 秦 蕙 田, compiler. Wu li tong kao 五 禮 通 考(Comprehensive examination of the five ritual texts). 1761 edition.
- Song hui yao ji kao 宋 會 要 輯 稿 (Draft compendium of Song collected statutes). Reprint Taibei: Shi jie, 1964.
- Tao Fulu 陶 福 履, compiler. Chang tan 常 談 (Everyday discussions on the civil examinations). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Yan Xianghui 閻 湘 蕙, compiler. Ding jia zheng xin lu 鼎 甲 徵 信 錄 (Record of verified and reliable information concerning the top three candidates for the civil examinations). 1864 Zhong shan chin edition.
- Yang Xuewei 楊 學 為 , ed. Zhongguo kao shi shi wen xian ji cheng 中 國 考 試 史 文 獻 集 成 (Collected documents on the history of examinations in China). Beijing: Gao deng jiao yu chu ban she, 2003.
- Zhang Chaorui 張 朝 瑞 , compiler. Huang Ming gong ju kao 皇 明 貢 舉 考 (Survey of civil examinations during the Ming dynasty), 1371-1577 metropolitan 會 試 examinations, Ming Wanli 萬 歷 edition.
- Zhang Weixiang 張 惟 驤, compiler. Ming dai wei ke xing shi lu 明 代 巍 科 姓 氏 錄 (Name roll for the highest rankings on Ming dynasty examinations). Metropolitan and palace examinations 1371-1643. Qing edition. Reprint in Ming dai zhuan ji cong kan 明 代 傳 記 叢 刊. Taibei: Ming wen Bookstore, 1991.
- Zhi di jin sheng 擲 地 金 聲 (8-legged essays cast into the ground yielding a golden sound). Anonymous manuscript collection of 8-legged essays with margin notes by Weng Tonghe 翁 同 龢. Ca. late 19th century.
- Zhou Yongnian 周 永 年, compiler. Zhi yi lei bian 制 藝 類 編 (Classified edition of 8-legged civil examination essays). 1784 edition.
- Zhu Xizhao 朱 希 召, compiler. Song li ke zhuang yuan lu 宋 歷 科 狀 元 錄 (Record of optimi from palace examinations of the Song). Reprint of Ming edition. Taibei: Wen hai, 1981.
Different types of sources
(Monographs ONLY)
- Araki Toshikazu 荒 木 敏 一. Sōdai kakyo seido kenkyū 宋 代 科 挙 制 度 研 究. Kyoto: Tōyōshi kenkyū kai 東 洋 史 研 究 会, 1969.
- Chaffee, John. The Thorny Gates of Learning in Song China. 2nd edition. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.
- Chang Chung-li. The Chinese Gentry. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1955.
- Chen Changwen 陳 長 文. Mingdai ke ju wen xian yan jiu 明 代 科 舉 文 獻 研 究. Jinan: Shandong da xue chu ban she 山 東 大 學 出 版 社, 2008.
- Chow, Kai-wing. Publishing, Culture, and Power in Early Modern China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
- De Weerdt, Hilde. Competition over Content: Negotiating Standards for the Civil Service Examinations in Imperial China (1127-1279). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007.
- Elman, Benjamin A. A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
- Franke, Wolfgang. The Reform and Abolition of the Traditional Chinese Examination System. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.
- Fu Xuancong 傅 璇 琮. Tangdai ke ju yu wen xue 唐 代 科 舉 與 文 學. Xian: Shanxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 1986 (Reprint 2007).
- Gong Duqing 龔 篤 清. Mingdai ke ju tu jian 明 代 科 舉 圖 鑒. Changsha: Yue lu shu she 嶽 麓 書 社, 2007.
- Guo Peigui 郭 培 貴. Mingdai ke ju shi shi bian nian kao zheng 明 代 科 舉 史 事 編 年 考 證. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she 科 學 出 版 社, 2008.
- He Zhongli 何 忠 禮. Ke ju yu song dai she hui 科 舉 與 宋 代 社 會. Beijing: Shangwu yin shu guan 商 務 印 書 館, 2006. —- Nansong ke ju zhi du shi 南 宋 科 舉 制 度 史. Beijing: Renmin chu ban she 人 民 出 版 社, 2009.
- Ho Ping-ti. The Ladder of Success in Imperial China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962.
- Jin Yingkun 金 滢 坤. Zhong wan tang zhi wu dai ke ju yu she hui bian qian 中 晚 唐 至 五 代 科 舉 與 社 會 變 遷. Beijing: Renmin chu ban she, 2009.
- Kondo Kazunari 近 藤 一 成. Sōdai chūgoku kakyo shakai no kenkyū 宋 代 中 国 科 挙 社 会 の 研 究. Tokyo: Kyuko Shoin 汲 古 書 院, 2009.
- Miyazaki Ichisada 宮 崎 市 定. Kakyoshi 科 舉 史 (History of the civil examination system). Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1987 revision of 1946 edition. The less complete 1946 edition was the basis for the 1963 Japanese edition that Conrad Schirokauer has translated under the title China’s Examination Hell. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. First appeared in English in 1976. —- Kyūhin kan jinhō no kenkyū: kakyo zenshi 九 品 官 人 法 の 研 究 ― 科 挙 前 史. Kyoto: Tōyōshi kenkyū kai, 1956.
- Man-Cheong, Iona D. The Class of 1761: Examinations, State, and Elites in Eighteenth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
- Qian Maowei 錢 茂 偉. Guojia, ke ju yu she hui: yi ming dai wei zhong xin de kao cha 國 家 、 科 舉 與 社 會 —— 以 明 代 為 中 心 的 考 察. Beijing: Beijing tu shu guan chu ban she 北 京 圖 書 館 出 版 社, 2004.
- Shang Yanliu 商 衍 鎏. Qingdai ke ju kao shi shu lu ji you guan zhu zuo 清 代 科 舉 考 試 述 錄 及 有 關 著 作. Tianjin: Baihua wen yi chu ban she 百 花 文 藝 出 版 社, 2003. First published in 1958 with the title “清 代 科 舉 考 試 述 錄”, the lastest and fullest version is the 2003 version, which includes most of the articles on Civil Service Examination in Qing Dynasty written by Mr. Shang Yanliu.
- Shen Junping 沈 俊 平. Ju ye jin liang: Ming zhong ye yi hou fang ke zhi ju yong shu de sheng chan yu liu tong 舉 業 津 梁:明 中 葉 以 後 坊 刻 制 舉 用 書 的 生 產 與 流 通. Taipei: Taiwan xue sheng shu ju 台 灣 學 生 書 局, 2009.
- Wang Dezhao 王 德 昭. Qingdai ke ju zhi du yan jiu 清 代 科 舉 制 度 研 究. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju 中 華 書 局, 1984. First published in Hong Kong in 1982.
- Wang Rigen 王 日 根. Zhongguo ke ju kao shi yu she hui ying xiang 中 國 科 舉 考 試 與 社 會 影 響. Changsha: Yue lu shu she, 2007.
- Wu Jianhui 吳 建 輝. Songdai shi lun yu wen xue 宋 代 試 論 與 文 學. Changsha: Yue lu shu she, 2009.
- Wu Xuande 吳 宣 德. Mingdai jin shi de di li fen bu 明 代 進 士 的 地 理 分 佈. Hong Kong: Xianggang zhong wen da xue chu ban she 香 港 中 文 大 學, 2009.
- Wu Zongguo 吳 宗 國. Tangdai ke ju zhi du yan jiu 唐 代 科 舉 制 度 研 究. Shenyang: Liaoning da xue chu ban she, 1992. (Reprint, Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ba she 北 京 大 學 出 版 社, 2010.)
- Xiao Qiqing 蕭 啟 慶. Yuandai de zu qun wen hua yu ke ju 元 代 的 族 群 文 化 與 科 舉. Taipei: Lian jing chu ban 聯 經 出 版, 2008.
- Yan Buke 閻 步 克. Cha ju zhi du bian qian shi gao 察 舉 制 度 變 遷 史 稿. Beijing: Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she 中 國 人 民 大 學 出 版 社, 2009.
- Yang Qifu 楊 齊 福. Ke ju zhi du yu jin dai wen hua 科 舉 制 度 與 近 代 文 化. Beijing: Renmin chu ban she, 2004.
- Ye Chuyan 葉 楚 炎. Mingdai ke ju yu ming zhong qi zhi qing chu tong su xiao shuo yan jiu 明 代 科 舉 與 明 中 期 至 清 初 通 俗 小 說 研 究. Nanchang: Bai hua zhou wen yi chu ban she 百 花 洲 文 藝 出 版 社, 2009.
- Zi, Etienne. Pratique des Examens Litteraires en Chine. Shanghai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, 1894. See also Zi’s volume on the late-Qing military examinations.
- Zhu Shangshu 祝 尚 書. Songdai ke ju yu wen xue kao lun 宋 代 科 舉 與 文 學 考 論. Zhengzhou: Henan jiao yu chu ban she 河 南 教 育 出 版 社, 2006. —- Songdai ke ju yu wen xue 宋 代 科 舉 與 文 學. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 2008.
For Reference Books, see:
- Xu Shizhong 徐 師 中. Li dai guan zhi bing zhi ke ju zhi chang shi 歷 代 官 制 兵 制 科 舉 制 常 識. Macau: Er ya she 爾 雅 社, 1977.
- Zang Yunpu et al. 臧 云 浦 等. Li dai guan zhi, bing zhi, ke ju zhi biao shi 歷 代 官 制 、 兵 制 、 科 舉 制 表 釋. Nanjing: Jiangsu gu ji chu ba she 江 蘇 古 籍 出 版 社, 1987.
- Zhai Guozhang 翟 國 璋. Zhongguo ke ju ci dian 中 國 科 舉 辭 典. Nanchang: Jiangxi jiao yu chu ban she 江 西 教 育 出 版 社, 2006.
For Bibliographies, see:
- Parker, Franklin. “Civil Service Examinations in China: Annotated Bibliography,” Chinese Culture (Taiwan) 27, 2 (June 1986): 103-110.
- Waltner, Ann. “Building on the Ladder of Success: The Ladder of Success in Imperial China and Recent Work on Social Mobility,”Ming Studies 17 (1983): 30-36.
Mormon Genealogical Library
(Sources on microfilm from the No. 1 Historical Archives in Beijing , 北 京 第 一 歷 史 檔 案 館 )
(1) Civil metropolitan & palace examinations:Wen hui shi 文 會 試 &Deng ke lu 登 科 錄
- Deng ke lu 登 科 錄(Reel: 752): 1673, 1700, 1706, 1712, 1713, 1730, 1739, 1751, 1752, 1760, 1761, 1819, 1820, 1823, 1829, 1835, 1836, 1841, 1852, 1859, 1862, 1892 (to be continued in Reel 753)(Reel: 753): 1892 (continued), 1894, 1895, 1898.
- Hui shi lu 會 試 錄(Reel: 751): (not in order) 1647, 1652, 1682, 1685, 1685 (duplication), unknow, 1694, 1703, 1729, 1737, 1739, 1742, 1748, 1751, 1752, 1754, 1766, 1793, 1811 ( 未 錄 試 題 ), 1823, 1832, 1847, 1847 (duplication), 1852 ( 恩 科 ), 1859, 1859 (duplication), 1860, 1862, 1886, 1890 ( 恩 科 ), 1892, 1892 (duplication, 未 錄 試 題 ), 1895, 1898, 1901 ( 恩 正 并 科 , 未 錄 試 題 ), 1904 ( 未 錄 試 題 ).
- Jin bang 金 榜 ( 附 滿 文 )(Reel: 550): (not in order) 1667 ( 文 ), 1673 ( 文 ), 1676 ( 武 ), 1703 ( 武 ), 1712 ( 文 ), 1718 ( 文 ), 1724 ( 武 ), 1727 ( 文 武 ), 1733 ( 武 ), 1736 ( 文 武 ), 1737 ( 文 武 ), 1739 ( 文 武 ), 1742 ( 文 武 ), 1745 ( 武 文 ), 1748 ( 文 武 ), 1751 ( 文 武 ), 1752 ( 文 武 ), 1754 ( 文 武 ), 1757 ( 武 文 ), 1760 ( 文 武 ), 1761( 武 文 ), 1763 ( 文 武 ), 1766 ( 武 文 ), 1769 ( 武 文 ), 1771 ( 文 武 ), 1772 ( 文 武 ), 1775 ( 文 武 ), 1778 ( 文 武 ), 1780 ( 文 武 ), 1781 ( 武 文 ), 1784 ( 武 文 ), 1787 ( 文 武 ), 1789 ( 文 武 ), 1790 ( 文 武 ), 1793 ( 文 武 ), 1795 ( 武 ), 1796 ( 武 文 ), 1796 ( 武 文 , duplication), 1799 ( 文 武 ), 1801 ( 文 武 ), 1802 ( 文 武 ), 1805 ( 文 武 ), 1808 ( 武 文 ), 1809 ( 文 / 武 is misplaced, in Qianlong period), 1811 ( 文 武 ), 1814 ( 武 文 ), 1817 ( 武 文 ), 1819 ( 武 文 ), 1820 ( 武 文 ), 1822 ( 文 武 ), 1823 ( 武 文 ), 1826 ( 文 武 ), 1829 ( 武 文 ), 1832 ( 文 武 ), 1833 ( 文 武 ), 1835 ( 武 文 ), 1836 ( 武 文 ), 1838 ( 文 武 ), 1840 ( 文 武 ), 1841 ( 文 武 ), 1844 ( 武 文 ), 1845 ( 文 武 ), 1847 ( 文 武 ), 1850 ( 文 武 ), 1852 ( 武 文 ), 1853 ( 文 武 ), 1856 ( 文 武 ), 1859 ( 文 武 ), 1861 ( 武 ), 1876 ( 武 文 ), 1877 ( 文 ), 1880 ( 武 文 ), 1883 ( 文 武 ), 1886 ( 文 武 ), 1889 ( 武 ), 1890 ( 文 武 ), 1892 ( 武 文 ), 1894 ( 文 ), 1895 ( 文 武 ).(Reel: 551): 1880 ( 武 ), 1883 ( 武 ), 1886 ( 文 ), 1889 ( 文 ), 1890 ( 武 ), 1892 ( 文 武 ), 1894 ( 武 ), 1894 ( 武, duplication), 1895 ( 武 )
(2) Military metropolitan & palace examinationsWu hui shi 武 會 試 & Deng ke lu 登 科 錄
- Deng ke lu 登 科 錄(Reel: 753): 1670, 1673, 1700, 1703, 1706, 1712, 1718, 1748, 1751, 1752, 1757, 1780, 1801, 1805, 1819, 1829, 1833, 1836, 1843, 1847, 1852, 1856, 1859, 1883, 1894, 1895 (武).
- Wu hui shi lu 武 會 試 錄(Reel: 751): 1685, 1688, 1757, 1759, 1762 (to be continued in Reel 752).(Reel: 752): 1685, 1688, 1694, 1703, 1709, 1745, 1748, 1754, 1757, 1762 (continued), 1769, 1796, 1802, 1808, 1819, 1841 ( 恩 科 ), 1845( 恩 科 ), 1850, 1856, 1859, 1861( 恩 科 ), 1862, 1894, 1895.
(3) Civil Provincial Examinations: Wen xiang shi 文 鄉 試
- Fujian xiang shi ti ming lu 福 建 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1735, 1759, 1760, 1770, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1825, 1831, 1832, 1834, 1837, 1846, 1859, 1862, 1893.(Reel: 535): 1894, 1897.(Reel: 541): 1684, 1690, damaged, 1708, 1711, damaged, 1741, missing, 1752, 1756, 1759, 1765, 1798, 1807, 1822, 1831, 849, 1851.(Reel: 542): 1855, 1885, 1893, 1897, 1902.
- Gansu xiang shi ti ming lu 甘 肅 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 534): 1882, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 546): ( 標 題 誤 為 湖 北 , all under the title of Hubei) 1885, 1893, 1897
- Guangdong xiang shi ti ming lu 廣 東 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 534): 1735, 1760, 1762, 1765, 1770, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1825, 1828, 1831, 1832, 1844, 1849, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 544): (標 題 誤 為 浙 江 :1651-1747 are under the title of Che-chiang,)1651, 1699, 1702, 1705, unknown, 1738, 1741, 1747, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1768, 1770, 1795, 1807, 1808, 1816, 1818, 1822, 1825, 1831, missing, 1851, 1862, 1894, 1897.
- Guangxi xiang shi ti ming lu 廣 西 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 534): 1738, 1741, 1747, 1753, 1779, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1819, 1831, 1832, 1839, 1856, 1861, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 545): 1705, 1723, 1724, 1735, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1760, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1783, 1795, 1804, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1822, 1831, 1843, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1861, 1862, 1864, 1867, 1870, 1893, 1897.
- Guizhou xiang shi ti ming lu 貴 州 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel:534): 1699, 1759, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1818, 1819, 1828, 1832, 1835, 1846, damaged, 1893.(Reel: 548): damaged, 1690, 1693(damaged), 1699, 1705, 1711, 1732, 1736, 1741, 1750, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1771, 1807, 1813, 1822, 1831, 1840, 1851, 1885, 1893.(Reel:549): 1894, 1897, 1903.
- Henan xiang shi ti ming lu 河 南 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1759, 1795, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1818, 1832, 1837, 1846, 1859, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 544): 1646, 1690, missing, 1705, missing, 1723, 1725, 1738, 1741, 1760, 1795, 1798, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813.(Reel: 545): 1819, 1822, 1831(one page), 1849, 1851, 1858, damaged, 1875, 1891, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1902.
- Hubei xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 北 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1807, 1810, unknown, 1834, 1858, 1859, damaged, 1893, 1894, damaged, damaged.(Reel: 546): 1831, 1849, 1851, 1858, damaged, 1873(damaged), 1882, 1885, 1891, 1893.
- Huguang xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 廣 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 534): damaged, 1684, damaged, 1690.(Reel: 547): damaged, damaged, 1686(damaged), 1702(damaged), damaged, unknown.
- Huguang Hubei xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 廣 湖 北 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 535): 1729, 1736, 1759.(Reel: 546): 1756, 1759, 1762, 1765, 1768, 1795, 1807.
- Hunan hsiang-hsih ti ming lu 湖 南 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1759, 1770, 1801, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1819, 1846, 1849, 1859, 1862, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1897.(Reel: 545): 1738, 1747.(Reel: 546): damaged, 1788, 1807, 1813, 1816, 1819, 1822, 1825, 1831, 1832, 1839, 1851, 1858, 1862, 1882, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1903.
- Jiangnan xiang shi ti ming lu 江 南 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 534): 1672, damaged, 1696, 1714, 1735, 1738, 1750, 1770, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1849, 1852, 1859, 1893, 1894, 1897.(Reel: 542): damaged, 1651(damaged), 1672, 1687, 1690, 1702, 1711, 1729, 1738, 1741, 1744, 1747, 1753, 1756, 1759, 1760, 1807, 1813, 1816, 1822, 1831, 1843, 1849, 1851, 1864, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1897.
- Jiangxi xiang shi ti ming lu 江 西 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): unknown, 1765, 1795, 1798, 1807, 1808, 1813, 1831, 1832, 1859, 1862, 1893.(Reel: 534): 1894, 1897.(Reel: 546): damaged, 1672, 1696, 1702, 1708, 1724, 1735, 1736, 1741.(Reel:547): 1750, 1756, 1759, 1762, 1768, 1788, 1807, 1808, 1813, 1822, 1831, 1851, 1862, 1885, 1893, 1903.
- Shandong xiang shi ti ming lu 山 東 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 547): unknown, 1651, 1672, 1687, 1702, 1711, 1713.(Reel: 548): 1712, 1723, 1729(damaged), damaged, 1738, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1762, 1768, 1795, 1807, 1810, 1819, 1831, 1849, 1851, 1855, 1858, 1859, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1897.(Reel: 753): 1678 (incomplete), 1771, 1783, 1807, 1808 ( 恩 科 ), 1810, 1813, 1818, 1819, 1831 ( 恩 科 ), 1832, 1855, 1859 ( 恩 科 ), 1862 ( 恩 科 ), 1885, 1893 ( 恩 科 ), 1894.
- Shanxi xiang shi ti ming lu 山 西 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1735, 1759, 1775, 1792, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1832, damaged, 1859, 1861, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 547): 1702, 1708, 1711, 1729, 1744, 1760, 1795(misplaced, behind 1894), 1807, 1808, 1819, 1831, 1840, 1849, 1851, 1862, 1885, 1893, 1894.
- Shanxi xiang shi ti ming lu 陜 西 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1855, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1893, 1894.(Reel: 542): 1645, 1672, 1684, 1687, 1705, 1723.(Reel: 543): 1740, 1744, 1750, 1760, 1765, 1807, 1822, 1825, 1831, 1834, 1851, 1858, 1861, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1897.(Reel: 753): 1684, 1690, damaged, 1741, 1756, 1759, 1788, 1795, 1800, 1825, 1831, 1843.
- Shuntian xiang shi ti ming lu 順 天 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 540): 1684, 1705, 1708, 1723, 1726, 1729, 1732, 1735, 1736, 1741, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1759, 1768, 1789, 1801, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1821, 1822, 1828, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1837, 1855, 1859, 1861, 1864, 1885, 1889, 1891, 1894.(Reel: 534): unknown, 1735, 1780, amaged, 1808, 1810, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1832, 1838, 1844, 1861, 1864.(Reel: 541): 1902.
- Sichuan xiang shi ti ming lu 四 川 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 539): 1684, 1687, 1690, 1699, 1702, 1705, 1708, 1711, 1713, 1729, 1732, 1735, 1736, 1738, 1741, 1744, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1753, 1756, 1759, 1760, 1768, 1770, 1771 (damaged, one page), 1807, 1816, 1822, 1831, 1835, 1844, 1849, 1851, 1855, 1870, 1875, 1885, 1888, 1893, 1897, 1903.(Reel:753): 1696, 1736 ( 恩 科 ), 1738, 1741, 1747, 1759, 1760 ( 恩 科 ), 1770 ( 恩 科 ), 1786, 1800 ( 恩 科 ), 1810, 1816, 1825, 1832, 1834, 1846, 1855, 1859 ( 恩 科 ), 1885, 1893 ( 恩 科 ), 1894.
- Yunnan xiang shi ti ming lu 云 南 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel:534): 1684, 1696, 1735, 1738, 1747, 1760, 1762, 1768, 1770, 1807, 1810, 1813 , 1816 , 1819, 1846, 1851, 1893, 1894.(Reel:541): 1672, 1684, 1687, 1699, 1705, 1711, 1729, 1735, 1736, 1741, 1747, 1750, 1756, 1759, 1762, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1831, 1851, 1855, 1885, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1903.
- Zhejiang xiang shi ti ming lu 浙 江 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 533): 1677, 1681, 1720, 1735, 1759, 1765, 1808, 1810, 1831, 1832, 1834, 1843, 1849, 1855, 1858, 1893, 1894, 1901, damaged.(Reel: 543): 1699, 1702, 1705, 1711, damaged, 1723, 1735, 1747, 1750, 1759, 1768, 1770, 1771, 1807, 1813, 1816, 1831, 1834, 1835, 1837, 1839, 1840, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1851, 1852.(Reel: 544): 1855, 1858, 1893, 1894, 1897.
(4) Military Provincial Examinations: Wu xiang shi 武 鄉 試
- Fujian wu xiang shi ti ming lu 福 建 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 536): 1672 (damaged), 1684, 1690, 1702, unknown, 1736, 1741, 1747, 1751, 1756, 1760, 1762, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1828, 1831, 1843, 1855, 1859.(Reel: 549): damaged, damaged, 1726, 1795, 1893, 1894
- Gansu wu xiang shi ti ming lu 甘 肅 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): ( 標 題 誤 為 湖 北 , all under Hubei) 1760, 1792, 1804, 1807, 1808(misplaced, 標 題 誤 為 江 西 , 夾 在 河 南 卷 中 under the title of Jiangxi, in the files of Henan), 1810, 1813, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1855, 1859.(Reel: 549): 1893, 1894
- Guangdong wu xiang shi ti ming lu 廣 東 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 537): 1687, 1736, 1741, 1747, 1752, 1753, 1756, 1768, 1771, 1798, 1800, 1804, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1834, 1840, 1843, 1846.(Reel: 549): unknown, 1741, 1759, 1770, 1861, 1862, 1893, 1894
- Guangxi wu xiang shi ti ming lu 廣 西 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): damaged, 1708, 1732, damaged, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1831, 1843, 1846, 1849, 1856, 1861, 1867.(Reel: 549): 1723, 1735, 1756, 1792, 1808, 1844, 1862, 1870, 1893, 1894
- Guizhou wu xiang shi ti ming lu 貴 州 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 537): 1687, 1699(incomplete), 1711, 1735, 1736, 1747, 1752, 1760, 1762, 1800, 1804, 1807, 1810, 1813, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1831, 1841, 1846.(Reel: 549): 1696, 1741, 1752, 1893, 1894
- Henan wu xiang shi ti ming lu 河 南 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): ( 標 題 誤 為 江 西 all under Jiangxi) 1729, 1753, 1762, 1768, 1800, 1801, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810 (misplaced: under the title of Hubei, in the files of Gansu 標 題 誤 為 湖 北, 夾 在 甘 肅 卷 中 ), 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1835, damaged, damaged, 1859.(Reel: 549): 1714, 1798, 1893, 1894
- Hubei wu xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 北 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): damaged, 1800, 1804, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1831, 1834, damaged, 1859.(Reel: 549): 1893, 1894
- Huguang wu xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 廣 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): damaged, 1702.(Reel: 549): 1681, 1684, 1690, 1699, 1705, 1708, 1714, 1720
- Hunan wu xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 南 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): damaged, 1759, 1800, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1831, damaged, 1843, 1857.(Reel:549): 1888, 1893, 1894.
- Huguang Hubei wu xiang shi ti ming lu 湖 廣 湖 北 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): ( 標 題 誤 為 湖 北 , under the title of Hubei) 1729, 1756, 1759, 1760, 1807.(Reel: 549): 1756, 1759
- Jiangnan wu xiang shi ti ming lu 江 南 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 536): 1672, 1684, 1690, 1699, 1708, 1723, 1742, damaged, 1756, 1759, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1830, 1841, damaged.(Reel: 549): 1705, 1705 (duplication), 1741, 1893, 1894
- Jiangxi wu xiang shi ti ming lu 江 西 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 537): 1672, damaged, 1729, 1747, 1753, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1818.(Reel: 538): 1819, 1828, 1831, 1840, 1846, 1860, damaged, damaged.(Reel: 549): 1690, 1752, 1753, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1798, 1862, 1893, 1894
- Shandong wu xiang shi ti ming lu 山 東 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 537): 1690(incomplete), 1726(incomplete), 1729, 1732, 1741, 1750, 1760, 1762, 1800, 1801, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1840, 1846, 1849, 1855, 1859.(Reel: 549): 1675, unknown, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1894
- Shanxi wu xiang shi ti ming lu 山 西 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): damaged, damaged, 1699, 1708, 1741, 1747, 1756, 1762, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1840, 1855(damaged), 1859.(Reel: 549): 1798, 1893, 1894
- Shanxi wu xiang shi ti ming lu 陜 西 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 536): 1672, 1684, 1687, 1711, 1747, 1750, 1756, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1798, 1800, 1804, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1840, 1846.(Reel: 537): 1849, 1855, 1859.(Reel: 549): 1681, 1681(duplication, damaged), 1699, 1753, 1759, 1770, 1893, 1894.
- Shanxi Gansu Lianghe wu xiang shi ti ming lu 陜 西 甘 肅 兩 河 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 538): 1705, 1705(duplication), 1736, 1744, 1752.(Reel: 549): 1736
- Shuntian wu xiang shi ti ming lu 順 天 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 535): 1672, 1684, 1690, 1702, 1705, 1708, 1711, 1723, 1726, 1729, 1732, 1735, 1741, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1760, 1800, 1807, 1808, 1813, 1818, 1819, 1831, 1835(damaged, one page), 1840, 1849, 1852, 1855, 1858, 1859, 1862.(Reel: 536): 1885, 1894.(Reel: 549): unknown, 1779, 1780, 1786, 1795, 1800, 1875.
- Sichuan wu xiang shi ti ming lu 四 川 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 535): 1672, 1690, 1699, 1702, 1708, 1711, 1726, 1729, 1735, 1736(incomplete), 1741, 1744, 1750, 1752, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1768, 1770, 1807, 1808, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1831, 1832, 1835, 1840, 1843, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1855, 1859, 1864, 1875, 1897.(Reel: 538): 1672.(Reel: 549): 1687, 1690, 1699, 1723, 1735, 1747, 1756, 1770, 1893, 1894
- Yunnan wu xiang shi ti ming lu 云 南 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄(Reel: 536): 1672, 1684, 1690, 1696, 1702, 1708, 1711, 1723, 1750, 1753, 1759, 1760, 1762, 1792, 1804, 1807, damaged, 1810, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1821, 1831, 1834, 1840, 1855(damaged).(Reel: 549): 1684, 1752, 1753, 1759, 1770, 1893, 1894
Zhejiang wu xiang shi ti ming lu 浙 江 武 鄉 試 題 名 錄
(Reel: 537): damaged, 1666 (damaged), unknown, 1735, 1741, 1744, 1752, 1760, 1762, 1794, 1794 (duplication), 1804, 1807, 1808, 1813, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1828, 1831, 1832, 1855.
(Reel: 549): 1674, 1711, 1744, 1755, 1765, 1798, 1893, 1894.
(5) Fan yi 翻 譯 Translation Examinations
- Provincial Translation examinations:Fan yi xiang shi 翻 譯 鄉 試(Reel: 549): 1816, 1818, 1832, 1843, 1849, 1858, 1859, 1861, 1891, 1893, 1894, 1897
- Metropolitan Translation examinations:Fan yi hui shi lu 翻 譯 會 試 錄(Reel: 751): 1832 ( 恩 科 ), 1856, 1883, 1892, 1894 ( 恩 科 ), 1895, 1898
(6) Imperial Clans & Genealogy : Shi xi 世襲
- (Reel: 551): 滿 漢 文 八 旗 世 襲 譜 檔 暨 滿 文 世 襲 表 , 漢 文 鑲 黃 旗 (蒙 古 ) 世 襲 官 員 等 襲 職 冊 譜 , 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 頭 甲佐 領 世 職 家 譜 冊 , 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 二 甲佐 領 世 職 家 譜 冊 , 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 三 甲佐 領 世 襲 官 員 家 譜 清 冊 , 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 二 甲佐 領 世 職 家 譜 冊 (無 封 面 題 名 ), 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 五 甲世 職 官 員 家 譜 清 冊 (僅 存 封 面 ), 鑲 黃 旗 漢 軍 頭 甲七 個 佐 領 世 襲 官 員 家 譜 清 冊.
- (Reel: 751): 皇 冊 ( 清 八 旗 世 襲 官 員 章 京 世 襲 及 家 譜 , 順 治 -光 緒 ),滿 文 檔 案 二 冊 . Other reels are under review.
Other Sources
(1) China: (Palace Museum, etc.)
- Zhongguo gu ji shan ben shu mu 中 國 古 籍 善 本 書 目 (Catalog of Chinese Rare Books). Shanghai: 古 籍 出 版 社 , 1986. See the “Shi bu” 史 部 , 卷 九 , “Zhuan ji lei” 傳 記 類 二 , 卷 十 三 , and 政 書 類 “Zheng shu lei“. This gives a complete list of civil examination materials in all libraries and archives in the PRC organized chronologically and by place.
(2) Paris: (College de France, Bibliotheque nationale, etc.)
- l’IHEC (College de France): Palace Examination Papers 殿 試 考 卷 , 34 items:
- 1652, 1659, 1684, 1750, 1757, 1760, 1761, 1771, 1772, 1775, 1781, 1789, 1793, 1799, 1801, 1871, 1874, 1876, 1883, 1894, 1895, 1903, 1904
https://salamandre.college-de-france.fr/ead.html?id=FR075CDF_00IHEC0001&c=FR075CDF_00IHEC0001_tt1-2
- 1652, 1659, 1684, 1750, 1757, 1760, 1761, 1771, 1772, 1775, 1781, 1789, 1793, 1799, 1801, 1871, 1874, 1876, 1883, 1894, 1895, 1903, 1904
- Bibliotheque nationale de France:
- Dian shi ce 殿 試 策 (Palace examination policy question)– 1877.
- Guangdong xiang shi lu 廣 東 鄉 試 錄 (Guangdong Provincial examinations) records — 1708, 1711, and 1835.
- Guo chao yuan mo zheng zong 國 朝 元 墨 正 宗 (Orthodox models for examination essays).
- Hui shi 會 試 (Metropolitan examinations) records — 1679 and 1773.
- Tan mo zhai shi ce jian ju 檀 墨 齋 試 策 箋 注 . 1788 edition. Contains 81 policy questions.
- Xiu cai mi pian 秀 才 秘 篇 (Local licentiate essays).
- Zhu shi shi wen bei fa 注 釋 時 文 備 法 (Complete models of annotated examination essays).
- The collection also includes several elementary guides for writing examination essays such as:Chu xue xiao ti mi jue 初 學 小 題 秘 訣 by Wu Xiaoyuan 吳 肖 元 , etc.
(3) UK: (Cambridge, Oxford)
- Cambridge (Cambridge University Library):
- Jiang nan xiang shi ti 江 南 鄉 試 題 第 壹、贰、叁 場 (Jiangnan Provinicial examination questions (set of three)) 1902, FH.311.473.
https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-FH-00311-00473-00003
- Jiang nan xiang shi ti 江 南 鄉 試 題 第 壹、贰、叁 場 (Jiangnan Provinicial examination questions (set of three)) 1902, FH.311.473.
- Oxford (Bodleian Library):
- Jiang xi xiang shi ti 江 西 鄉 試 題 第 壹、贰、叁 場 (Jiangxi Provinicial examination questions (set of three)) 1902, Sinica 3043.
https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/viewer/b2ac4806-387d-4d30-aaf7-cb6b8915862a
- Jiang xi xiang shi ti 江 西 鄉 試 題 第 壹、贰、叁 場 (Jiangxi Provinicial examination questions (set of three)) 1902, Sinica 3043.
Collectanea (Cong shu 叢 書 ), etc.
- Dong Fuxiang, compiler. Jin ke heng wen lu 近 科 衡 文 錄 (Balancing of civil examination essays from recent civil examinations). 1600 edition.
- Dong Qichang 董 其 昌, compiler. Xue ke kao lue 學 科 考 略 (Brief overview of civil examination studies). In Cong shu ji cheng, chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Feng Mingzhen 馮 夢 禎. Li dai gong ju zhi 歷 代 貢 舉 志 (Treatise on the evolution of civil service examinations ). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press,1936.
- Guo chao gong ju kao lue 國 朝 貢 舉 考 略. Metropolitan and provincial examinations 1645-1826.
- Guo chao ke chang yi wen lu 國 朝 科 場 異 聞 錄 (Recording unusual matters heard in the Qing examination grounds). Canton: Wei jing tang shu fang 味 經 堂 書 坊 edition. Qiantang, 1873 reprint.
- Jin shi san dai lu li bian lan 進 士 三 代 履 歷 便 覽 (Overview by region of backgrounds to three generations of civil jin shi graduates from 1646 to 1721 ). N.d.
- Huang Ming ce heng 皇 明 策 衡 . Policy questions and answers 1504-1604.
- Huang Ming cheng shi dian yao lu 皇 明 程 世 典 要 錄 (Digest of records of metropolitan examinations during the Ming dynasty). Metropolitan examinations 1371-1625. Late Ming edition.
- Huang Ming cheng shi lu 皇 明 程 世 錄 (Records of metropolitan examinations during the Ming dynasty), 1469-1499, metropolitan examinations. Late Ming Wanli edition.
- Huang Ming xiang hui shi er san chang cheng wen xuan 皇 明 鄉 會 試 二 三 場 程 文 選, 1504-1633 policy questions and answers, 1633 edition.
- Huang Zuo (1490-1566), compiler.Nan yong zhi 南 壅 志 (Gazetteer of the Southern National University). Reprint of Ming edition in 8 vols. Taibei: Wei wen, 1976.
- Li Tiaoyuan 李 調 元, compiler. Tan mo lu 炎 墨 錄 (Record of skilled civil examination papers ). In Hai han 海 涵 (Seas of writings). 1881 collectanea compiled by Li Tiaoyuan.
- Li Tiaoyuan, compiler. Zhi yi ke suo ji 制 藝 科 瑣 記 (Collection of fragments about the crafted 8-legged essays for civil examinations). Cong shu ji cheng chu bian edition. Also inHan hai 涵 海 for “Xu 序 (Preface).
- Li Zuwang, compiler. Zhi yi chao 制 藝 鈔 (Copies of 8-legged civil examination essays). In Jiangdu Li shi suo zhu shu 江 都 李 氏 所 著 書 (Books written by Mr. Li Zuwang of Yangzhou). Qing manuscript edition, Ca. 1851-74.
- Liang Zhangju 梁 章 鉅, compiler. Zhi yi cong hua 制 藝 叢 話 (Collected comments on the crafting of 8-legged civil examination essays). Reprint of 1859 edition Taibei: Kuang-wen Bookstore, 1976.
- Liu Tanzhi 劉 坦 之, compiler and annotator. Jin ke quan ti xin ce fa cheng 近 科 全 題 新 策 法 程 (Models of complete answers for new policy questions in recent provincial civil ta examinations). 1764 edition.
- Lu Xiangxie 呂 相 燮, compiler. Shi chang yi wen lu wu zhong 試 場 異 聞 錄 五 種 (Five works recording unusual matters heard in the examination grounds ). Qiantang, 1873 edition.
- Ma Duanlin 馬 端 臨, compiler. Wen xian tong kao 文 獻 通 考 (Comprehensive examination of civil institutions). In Shi tong 十 通 (Ten Comprehensive Encyclopedias ).
- Miao Tong 繆 肜, compiler. Lu chuan ji shi 臚 傳 紀 事 (Autobiography and record of occurrences ). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Qian Ming gong ju kao lue 前 明 貢 舉 考 略 , 1370-1643. Metropolitan and provincial examinations.
- Qian Ming ke chang yi wen lu 前 明 科 場 異 聞 錄. (Recording unusual matters heard in the Ming examination grounds). Canton: Wei jing tang shu fang 味 經 堂 書 坊 edition. Qiantang, 1873 reprint.
- Qin ding ding jia ce 欽 定 鼎 甲 策 (Imperially prescribed palace civil examination policy essays by the top three graduates). Essays from 1853 to 1883. N.d.
- Qin ding ke chang tiao li 欽 定 科 場 條 例 (Imperially prescribed guidelines for the civil examination grounds). 1834 edition.
- Qin ding mo kan tiao li 欽 定 磨 勘 條 例 (Imperially prescribed guidelines for post-examination review of civil examination papers). Qing dynasty, late Qianlong (r. 1736-95 ) edition.
- Qin Huitian 秦 蕙 田, compiler. Wu li tong kao 五 禮 通 考(Comprehensive examination of the five ritual texts). 1761 edition.
- Song hui yao ji kao 宋 會 要 輯 稿 (Draft compendium of Song collected statutes). Reprint Taibei: Shi jie, 1964.
- Tao Fulu 陶 福 履, compiler. Chang tan 常 談 (Everyday discussions on the civil examinations). In Cong shu ji cheng chu bian. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936.
- Yan Xianghui 閻 湘 蕙, compiler. Ding jia zheng xin lu 鼎 甲 徵 信 錄 (Record of verified and reliable information concerning the top three candidates for the civil examinations). 1864 Zhong shan chin edition.
- Yang Xuewei 楊 學 為 , ed. Zhongguo kao shi shi wen xian ji cheng 中 國 考 試 史 文 獻 集 成 (Collected documents on the history of examinations in China). Beijing: Gao deng jiao yu chu ban she, 2003.
- Zhang Chaorui 張 朝 瑞 , compiler. Huang Ming gong ju kao 皇 明 貢 舉 考 (Survey of civil examinations during the Ming dynasty), 1371-1577 metropolitan 會 試 examinations, Ming Wanli 萬 歷 edition.
- Zhang Weixiang 張 惟 驤, compiler. Ming dai wei ke xing shi lu 明 代 巍 科 姓 氏 錄 (Name roll for the highest rankings on Ming dynasty examinations). Metropolitan and palace examinations 1371-1643. Qing edition. Reprint in Ming dai zhuan ji cong kan 明 代 傳 記 叢 刊. Taibei: Ming wen Bookstore, 1991.
- Zhi di jin sheng 擲 地 金 聲 (8-legged essays cast into the ground yielding a golden sound). Anonymous manuscript collection of 8-legged essays with margin notes by Weng Tonghe 翁 同 龢. Ca. late 19th century.
- Zhou Yongnian 周 永 年, compiler. Zhi yi lei bian 制 藝 類 編 (Classified edition of 8-legged civil examination essays). 1784 edition.
- Zhu Xizhao 朱 希 召, compiler. Song li ke zhuang yuan lu 宋 歷 科 狀 元 錄 (Record of optimi from palace examinations of the Song). Reprint of Ming edition. Taibei: Wen hai, 1981.
UCLA East Asian Library
1. Ming Qing ke ju dang an zi liao 明 清 科 舉 檔 案 資 料 (1531-1910)
a. Civil Metropolitan, Palace, and Court Examinations 文 會 試 , 殿 試 , 朝 考 資 料 (Wen hui shi, dian shi, chao kao zi liao)
Call no.: *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1
- 朝 考 卷 (Chao kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 5
— 1852,1853,1859,1860,1863,1865,1868,1871,1874,1876,1880. - 登 科 錄 (Deng ke lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 2
— 1535,1544,1559,1568,1577,1586,1601,1610,1661,1664,1667,1673,1676,1679,1682, 1685,1688, 1691, 1694,1697,1700,1703,1706,1709, 1712,1715,1718,1721, 1763, 1903 - 殿 試 考 卷 (Dian shi kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 6
— 1643,1652,1655,1670,1685(3),1697, 1730,1733(2),1739,1751(2),1754,1757, 1766, 1769,1802(3), 1805(2), 1818,1868?,1874,1892. - 會 試 齒 錄 (Hui shi chi lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 4
— 1796 - 會 試 錄 (Hui shi lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 3
— 1535,1544,1559,1583 (Names only),1691,1703,1742,1754,1760 (Names only),1763, 1850, 1903. - 會 試 墨 卷 (Hui shi mo juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 7
— 1700,1703,1901,1902. - 會 試 朱 卷 , 考 卷 (Hui shi zhu juan, kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 8
— 1661(58),1664(14),1667(12),1685(22),1865,1874,1883,1889(2),1894,1895, n.d.(20) - 進 士 題 名 錄 (Jin shi ti ming lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 1, pt. 1
— 1853,1860
b. Civil Provincial Examinations 文 鄉 試 資 料 (Wen xiang shi zi liao)
Call no.: *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2
- 福 建 鄉 試 (Fujian xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 4
— 1753,1759,1851,1852,1875,1891,1893. - 甘 肅 鄉 試 (Gansu xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 8
— 1893 - 廣 東 鄉 試 (Guangdong xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 10
— 1729(2),1733, 1738, 1741,1794,1813,1837,1856,1882,1885. - 廣 西 鄉 試 (Guangxi xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 9
— 1765, 1799, 1804,1816,1819,1828,1844,1849,1862,1864,1867,1875,1893. - 貴 州 鄉 試 (Guizhou xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 11
— 1795,1801, 1810, 1873,1893. - 河 南 鄉 試 (Henan xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 5
— 1531,1702,1735,1760,1762,1780,1789,1843,1851,1885. - 湖 北 鄉 試 (Hubei xiang shi) including 湖 廣 湖 北 *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 7
— 1762,1876,1891. - 湖 南 鄉 試 (Hunan xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 6
— 1753,1777,1795. - 江 南 鄉 試 (Jiangnan xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 3
— 1678,1684,1699,1720,1738,1741,1744,1747,1813,1825,1835,1839,1843,1849, 1852,1893(2) - 江 西 鄉 試 (Jiangxi xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 2
— 1693,1699,1702,1875,1876,1882,1891. - 山 東 鄉 試 (Shandong xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 14
— 1543,1747,1759,1822,1851,1862,1873(2),1885,1893 (1873 & 1885: 山 東 選 拔 貢 卷 ) - 山 西 鄉 試 (Shanxi xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 12
— 1537,1702,1735,1741,1794,1851. - 陜 西 鄉 試 (Shanxi xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 13
— 1759,1760,1810,1835,1893. - 順 天 鄉 試 (Shuntian xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 15
— 1558,1693,1735,1753,1756,1759,1788, 1792, 1795,1825,1828,1831,1849, 1851,1852, 1867, 1870, 1875, 1879, 1888, 1891, 1894, 1873, 1882 (1873: 順 天 選 拔 貢 卷 ) - 四 川 鄉 試 (Sichuan xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 16
— 1730,1736,1738,1750,1752, 1765, 1768, 1770, 1799, 1819, 1828, 1844, 1849(2), 1862, 1864, 1867, 1870 , 1879 , 1882, 1888, 1893. - 應 天府 鄉 試 (Yingtian Fu xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 17
— 1597,1630. - 云 南 鄉 試 (Yunnan xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 18
— 1736,1743,1810,1821,1855,1891. - 浙 江 鄉 試 (Zhejiang xiang shi) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 2, pt. 1
— 1546,1558,1702,1735,1792,1810,1819, 1835, 1839, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1851, 1852, 1855, 1882, 1885, 1893.
c. Military Metropolitan and Palace Examinations 武 會 試 , 殿 試 資 料 (Wu hui shi, dian shi zi liao)
Call no.: *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3
- 兵 部 武 會 試 題 名 錄 冊 (Bing bu wu hui shi ti ming lu ce) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 2
— 1850 (Covers 1823-1847) - 兵 部 武 會 試 中 式 額 數 冊 (Bing bu wu hui shi zhong shi e shu ce) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 3
— 1850 (Covers 1820-1847) - 武 殿 試 考 卷 (Wu dian shi kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 5 (Bound in 4 volumes)
- Vol. 1: 1655,1658,1676(2),1679,1682(2),1697,1706(2),1712,1713,1723,1724,1727,1730,1736, 1737,1742,1745,1748,1751,1752(3),1757(3),1760,1761,1763,1769,1771, 1772(3), 1775(3),1778(2)
- Vol. 2: 1784,1787(5),1790(3),1793(3),1795,1799(6),1801(3),1802(6),1805(2), 1808(3), 1809(9),1811, 1814(6), 1819(4),1820,1822(3),1823,1829(2).
- Vol. 3: 1832(10),1833(3),1835,1836,1838,1840(3),1841(4),1842,1844(6),1853(2), 1856(2),1859(7),1861, 1862(2),1863(2),1865(8),1868(9),1871(8),1874, n.d.(6).
- Vol. 4: 1876(9),1877(16),1880(17),1883(10),1892,1894(15),1895,1898(6), n.d. (3).
- 武 會 試 考 卷 (Wu hui shi kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 6 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1649,1667, n.d. (41) - 武 會 試 錄 (Wu hui shi lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 4
— 1694(Names only),1703,1739,1745,1748,1761,1801,1826,1840,1847,1874. - 武 進 士 登 科 錄 (Wu jin shi deng ke lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 3, pt. 1
— 1643, 1739.
d. Military Provincial Examinations 武 鄉 試 資 料 (Wu xiang shi zi liao)
Call no.: *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4
- 福 建 武 鄉 試 (Fujian wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 4 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1752,1760,1783 - 甘 肅 武 鄉 試 (Gansu wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 8 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1752, 1831, 1840,1885 - 廣 東 武 鄉 試 (Guangdong wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 10 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1732,1759,1762,1789,1801,1821,1835,1839 - 廣 西 武 鄉 試 (Guangxi wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 9 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1756,1759,1766,1770,1771,1779,1835,1839,1843,1844,1846,1875,1876,1882 - 貴 州 武 鄉 試 (Guizhou wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 11 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1759,1867 - 河 南 武 鄉 試 (Henan wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 5 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1726,1753,1759,1760,1786,1798,1849 - 湖 北 武 鄉 試 (Hubei wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 7
(Including 湖 廣 湖 北 ; Bound in 1 volume)
— 1681,1741,1760,1762,1771,1789,1825,1846 - 湖 南 武 鄉 試 (Hunan wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 6 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1726,1747,1756,1760,1794 - 江 南 武 鄉 試 (Jiangnan wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 3 (Bound in 1 volume)
–1702,1738,1759,1762,1795,1825,1852,1882 - 江 西 武 鄉 試 (Jiangxi wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 2 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1729,1741,1794,1801,1835,1882 - 山 東 武 鄉 試 (Shandong wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 14 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1687,1736,1760,1789,1852 - 山 西 武 鄉 試 (Shanxi wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 12 (Bound in 1 volume)
–1786 - 陜 西 武 鄉 試 (Shanxi wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 13 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1690,1729,1744,1752,1759,1762,1794,1832,1834,1885 - 順 天 武 鄉 試 (Shuntian wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 15 (Bound in 3 volumes)
- Vol. 1: 1687 (Names only),1729,1732,1738,1752,1753
- Vol. 2: 1756,1759
- Vol. 3: 1762,1777,1788,1828,1832
- 四 川 武 鄉 試 (Sichuan wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 16 (Bound in 2 volumes)
- Vol. 1: 1702,1741,1750,1759,1760,1768, 1770, 1771,1774
- Vol. 2: 1832,1834, 1835, 1839,1844,1846,1849,1864,1870, 1874, 1875
- 云 南 武 鄉 試 (Yunnan wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 17 (Bound in 1 volume)
— 1672,1677,1687,1723,1744,1747,1750,1756,1759,1760,1762,1771,1789,1794,1800,1821,1885 - 浙 江 武 鄉 試 (Zhejiang wu xiang shi ) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 4, pt. 1 (Bound in 1 volume)
–1678,1690,1702,1705,1794,1795, 1824, 1825,1837,1843,1885
e. Memorials 題 本, 奏 摺 (Ti ben, zou zhe)
Call no.: *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 5 (Bound in 3 volumes)
- [陰 歷 , 年 /月 /日 (Lunar calendar, year/month/day)]
- Vol. 1: 1737/6/18, 1757/2/20, 1757/3/9, 1757/9/2 (2), 1757/10/6 (2), 1858/2/19, 1758/4/25, 1760/2/30, 1760/5/9, 1760/5/13, 1760/10/15, 1760/10/22, 1760/11/2, 1760/11/17, 1760/12/16, 1761/4/6, 1761/4/15, 1761/9/26, 1762/6/23, 1762/8/19, 1762/10, 1763/4/8, 1763/4, 1763/11/21.
- Vol. 2: 1765/1, 1765/2, 1765/5, 1765/7/17, 1765/9/5, 1765/10/2, 1765/10/10, 765/10/12, 1765/11/6, 1765/11/12, 1765/12 (2), 1766/10/19, 1767/5/26, 1767/7/11, 1767/7/28, 1768/7/26, 1768/7/30, 1768/9/29 (2), 1768/10/9, 1768/10/10 (2), 1769/1/25, 1769/2/7, 1769/2/30, 1769/3/24, 1769/4/4, 1769/4/12, 1769/4/17, 1769/4/29, 1769/11/20.
- Vol. 3: 1770/10/5, 1771/3/1, 1771/10/14, 1773/6/2, 1775/4/20, 1775/4/24, 1775/5, 1777/11/6, 1781/2/26, 1781/3/3, 1781/5/3, 1781/5/7, 1784/3/29, 1784?, 1785/1/24, 1785/1/26, 1785/7/5, 1785/7/11, 1785/9/10, 1785/9/28, 1785/10/11, 1786/4/6, 1785/4/13, 1787/7/3, 1787/12, 1788?, 1788/3/29, 1788/4/15?, 1788/5/15, 1788/6/24, 1788/7/17, 1788/9/9, 1788/10/15, 1788/11/12
f. Translation & Legal Examinations 翻 譯 , 法 官 考 試 等 資 料(Fan yi, fa guan kao shi deng zi liao)
*JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6
- 1. 翻 譯 會 試 錄 (Fan yi hui shi lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 1 — 1739,1809,1811 (All names only)
- 2. 滿 文 翻 譯 考 卷 (Man wen fan yi kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 2 — n.d. (1)
- 3. 俄 羅 斯 文 館 試 卷 (Oluosi wen guan shi juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 3 — 1911? (ca. 120)
- 4. 俄 羅 斯 文 殘 卷 (Oluosi wen can juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 4 — n.d. (12)
- 5. 博 學 鴻 詞 科 考 卷 (Bo xue hong ci ke kao juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 5 — 1679(2), 1720
- 6. 庚 戌 科 法 官 同 年 齒 錄 (Geng xu ke fa guan tong nian chi lu) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 6 — 1910
- 7. 翰 林 院 四 譯 館 事 宜 單 (Han lin yuan Si yi guan shi yi dan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 7 — n.d. (1)
- 8. 回 回 館 翻 譯 殘 卷 (Hui hui guan fan yi can juan) — n.d. (1)
- 9. 滿 文 大 學 , 滿 文 歌 (Man wen Da xue, Man wen ge) — n.d. (4)
- 10. 會 試 各 房 分 卷 總 數 殘 卷 (Hui shi ge fang fen juan zong shu can juan) *JQ 1512 Z13E8725 ser. 6, pt. 8 — n.d. (2)
g. Metropolitan & Palace Examination Essays 文 會 試 , 殿 試 考 卷
- Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 — 1691,1763,1703,1742,1850,1903.
- Hui shi mo juan 會 試 墨 卷 — 1700,1703.
- Hui shi mo juan Guangxu xin chou ren yin (1901-1902) en zheng bing ke bu fen juan, fu Hui shi juan Guangxu gui mao (1903) bu xing bu fen juan 會 試 墨 卷 光 緒 辛 丑 壬 寅 恩 正 并 科 不 分 卷 ,附 會 試 卷 光 緒 癸 卯 補 行 不 分 卷. In Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 , Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂 .
- Hui shi zhu juan 會 試 朱 卷 ( 文 ) — 1865,1874,1870,1883,1889(2 copies),1894,1895,1889.
- Wen dian shi 文 殿 試 : Qin ding chao kao juan 欽 定 朝 考 卷 — 1852,1853,1859,1860,1863,1865,1868,1871,1874,1876,1880,1890.
- Wen dian shi kao juan 文 殿 試 考 卷 — 1652,1655,1670,1685 (3 copies), 1697,1730,1733 (2 copies), 1739,1751 (2 copies), 1754,1757,1763 (?), 1766,1769,1802 (2 copies), 1805 (2 copies), 1860.
h. Kyoto University ( 京 都 大 學 人 文 科 學 研 究 所 ) : Examination Materials
- Chang Cui, Ke Fengshi 長 萃, 柯 逢 時 . Shandong xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 山 東 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , inWei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Ju kui tang 聚 奎 堂
- Cheng Yulin, Xie Peixian 程 林 , 謝 佩 賢 . Gansu xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 甘 肅 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Dai Hongci, Wang Jiashan 戴 鴻 慈 ,王 嘉 善 . Yunnan xiang shi wei mo Guangxu xin mao ke (1891) bu fen juan 云 南 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 辛 卯 科 不 分 卷, inWei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Deng ke lu 登 科 錄 ( 文 ) — 1661,1664,1667,1685,1763,1903.
- Di Xueqin 狄 學 勤 . Shandong xuan ba gong juan 山 東 選 拔 貢 卷
- Ding Weixin, Xu Jiru 丁 帷 , 徐 繼 孺 . Shanxi xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 福 建 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , inWei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Fujian Guangxu yi hai nian (1875) xiang shi lu 福 建 光 緒 乙 亥 年 鄉 試 錄 in: Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種
- Fujian xiang shi zhu juan 福 建 鄉 試 朱 卷
- Ge fang fen juan zong shu can juan 各 房 分 卷 總 數 殘 卷
- Geng xu ke fa guan tong nian chi lu 庚 戌 科 法 官 同 年 齒 錄
- Guangxi xiang shi zhu juan 廣 西 鄉 試 朱 卷
- Guizhou xiang shi zhu juan 貴 州 鄉 試 朱 卷
- Guo chao gong ju kao lue 國 朝 貢 舉 考 略
- Henan xiang shi mo juan 河 南 鄉 試 墨 卷 .
- Hubei xiang shi wei mo Guangxu xin mao ke (1891) bu fen juan 湖 北 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 辛 卯 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Jiangnan xiang shi mo juan 江 南 鄉 試 墨 卷
- Jiangnan xiang shi zhu juan 江 南 鄉 試 朱 卷
- Jiangxi xiang shi mo juan 江 西 鄉 試 墨 卷
- Jiangxi xiang shi wei mo Guangxu xin mao ke (1891) bu fen juan 江 西 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 辛 卯 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種: Ju kui tang 聚 奎 堂
- Jieyunsou shan guan zhu ren 擷 云 瞍 山 館 主 人 . Ge sheng ke yi hui hai 各 省 課 藝 匯 海 .
- Jin shi san dai lu li bian lan 進 士 三 代 屐 歷 便 覽
- Kangxi wu shi jiu nian Jiangnan xiang shi ti ming lu 康 熙 五 十 九 年 江 南 鄉 試 題 名 錄
- Li Rufeng 李 汝 封 . Shandong xuan ba gong juan 山 東 選 拔 貢 卷
- Liao Ping 廖 平 . Zun jing shu yuan ri ke ti mu 尊 經 書 院 日 課 題 目
- Liu Celian 劉 策 濂. Shandong xuan ba gong juan 山 東 選 拔 貢 卷
- Liu Fu, Yao Chenbi 劉 福 , 姚 陳 璧 . Guizhou xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 貴 州 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Lung Zhanlin, Du Bencong 龍 湛 霖 , 杜 本 崇 . Fujian xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 福 建 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 ,in Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Mi Hongxi 密 鴻 錫. Shandong xuan ba gong juan 山 東 選 拔 貢 卷
- Ming gong ju kao lue 明 貢 舉 考 略
- Ming zhuang yuan tu kao 明 狀 元 圖 考
- Piling ke di kao 毗 陵 科 第 考
- San Qin jin dai ming ren ping zhuan 三 秦 近 代 名 人 評 傳
- Shandong xiang shi zhu juan 山 東 鄉 試 朱 卷 — 1875, 1879, 1888 (3 copies).
- Shanxi jin xian dai ming ren lu 陜 西 近 現 代 名 人 錄
- Shanxi xiang shi mo juan 山 西 鄉 試 墨 卷
- Shuntian xiang shi di wu fang tong men zhu juan ji you ke bu fen juan 順 天 鄉 試 第 五 房 同 門 朱 卷 己 西 (1849) 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種
- Shuntian xiang shi wei mo Tongzhi ding mao ke (1867) bu fen juan 順 天 鄉 試 闈 墨 同 治 丁 卯 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Ju kui tang 聚 奎 堂
- Shuntian xiang shi wei mo Xianfeng yuan nian gui si (1851) en ke bu fen juan 順 天 鄉 試 闈 墨 咸 豐 元 年 恩 科 不 分 卷 , inWei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Ju kui tang 聚 奎 堂
- Shuntian xiang shi zhu juan 順 天 鄉 試 朱 卷 (6 copies) — 1891, 1893, 1894.
- Shao Jiechun 邵 捷 春 . Min sheng xian shu 閩 省 賢 書
- Shen Xuan 沈 宣 . Zhong wai shi wu ce wen lei bian da cheng 中 外 時 務 策 問 類 編 大 成
- Sichuan xiang shi zhu juan 四 川 鄉 試 朱 卷
- Suzhou Chang, Yuan, Wu san yi ke di pu 蘇 州 長 , 元 , 吳 三 邑 科 第 譜
- Tong guan jing jin fu cao bu fen juan 同 館 經 進 賦 鈔 不 分 卷 in :Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 , 1889: Peking 北 京 , Xiu wen zhai 秀 文 齋 .
- Wen jin shi ti ming lu 文 進 士 題 名 錄 — 17??,1853,1860.
- Xu Huili, Wen Tingshi 徐 會 澧 , 文 廷 式 . Jiangnan xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 江 南 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷, in Wei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Yang Chi-yuan 楊 紀 元 . Chu xue ti da fa he bain 初 學 題 大 法 合 編 in :Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種
- Zhang Hengjia, Lao Zhaoguang 張 亨 嘉 , 勞 肇 光 . Guangxi xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 廣 西 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo shi yi zhong 闈 墨 十 一 種 : Heng jian tang 衡 鑒 堂
- Zhejiang xiang shi mo juan 浙 江 鄉 試 墨 卷 .
- Zhejiang xiang shi wei mo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 浙 江 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , in Wei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Ju kui tang聚 奎 堂
- Zhu Cheng, Xu Renzhu 朱 琛 , 徐 仁 鑄 . Sichuan xiang shi wei zmo Guangxu gui si (1893) en ke bu fen juan 四 川 鄉 試 闈 墨 光 緒 癸 巳 恩 科 不 分 卷 , inWei mo ba zhong 闈 墨 八 種 : Heng wen tang 衡 文 堂
2. Ming dai deng ke lu hui bian 明 代 登 科 錄 匯 編.
- 22 vols. Taibei: Xue sheng shu ju 學 生 書 局 , 1969.
See Table of contents for civil and military provincial, metropolitan, and palace examinations from 1400 to the late Ming. The UCLA East Asian Library has this collection.
3. Qing dai zhu juan ji cheng 清 代 朱 卷 集 成 (Collection of Qing Dynasty Examination Essays)
- These are collections of examination essays prepared by the original candidates and later copied for official examiners to read without access to the name or calligraphy of the original papers. Dating from 1700 to 1900, these collections now numbering in the hundreds of volumes are important sources for study of the literary and cultural aspects of the examinations. Including comments and rankings by the examiners, these papers allow us to reconstruct the standards used to rank candidates.Published in 420 volumes by Ch’eng Wen Publishing Co. (Taiwan) in cooperation with the Shanghai Library, 1993-94. The UCLA East Asian Library has this collection in storage.
4. Databases
a. Ming Qing ke ju lu 明 清 科 举 录 (Collection of Ming and Qing Dynasty Examination Documents)
- Reproduces 420 Ming and 8000 Qing documents connected to provincial, metropolitan and palace examinations. All documents are all full text searchable. Published by Airusheng as second part of Zhongguo pu die ku 中 國 譜 牒 庫 第 二 集.
http://er07.com/home/pro_5.html
5. Microfilm & Microfiche
a. Han Yu-shan 韓 玉 珊 Collection
- 1. Dian shi Palace Examinations 殿 試 : The UCLA Department of Special Collections holds 221 (dating from 1646 to 1904) of the actual candidates’ answers to policy questions formulated by the emperors to establish the final rankings for metropolitan graduates. Arranged chronologically.
- 2. Manchu Language Examinations 滿 文 考 卷 : Hanlin academicians
- 3. Academy Gazeteers 書 院 志 : These gazetteers included histories of the schools, scholarly tradtions associated with them, famous students and teachers who attended or taught there, and lists of patrons and donors who supported their founding and continuation.
- 4. Private Academy Examination Papers 書 院 考 卷 :The handwritten examination papers in the UCLA Collection number several hundred and come from several important academies in South China.
b. Oriental Library, Tokyo University Microfilm
- Civil Examination Collection 東 京 大 學 東 方 圖 書 館 所 藏 中 國 科 舉 資 料 JQ 1512 Z13E877
c. Palace Museum (Taiwan) 臺 灣 故 宮 博 物 院 (Microfiche)
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: feng yin 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 封 蔭 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: juan na 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 捐 納 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: kao ji 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 考 績 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: tui xuan 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 推 選 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: wen wu ke 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 -文 武 科 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: xin xuan ju 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 新 選 舉 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: xue xiao shang 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 -學 校 上 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: xue xiao zhi 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 -學 校 下 , 1 片
- Qing shi gao xuan ju zhi: zhi ke jian zhuo 清 史 稿 選 舉 志 – 制 科 薦 擢 , 1 片
- Shaoxing shi ba nian tong nian lu 紹 興 十 八 年 同 年 錄 , 2 片
- Shunzhi shi yi nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi lu 順 治 十一 年 順 天 府 鄉 試錄, 3片
- Shunzhi shi yi nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi zhong shi ti ming 順 治 十 一 年 順 天 府 鄉 試 中 試 題 名 , 1 片
- Shunzhi shi er nian hui shi lu 順 治 十 二 年會 試 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi er nian hui shi zhong shi ti ming 順 治 十 二 年會 試 中 試 題 名 , 1片
- Shunzhi shi er nian jin shi deng ke lu 順 治 十 二 年 進 士 登 科 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi er nian zhong shi wu ju ti ming lu 順 治 十 二 年 中 試 武 舉 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi si nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi lu 順 治 十 四 年 順 天 府 鄉 試 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi si nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi zhong shi-ti ming lu 順 治 十 四 年 順 天 府 鄉 試 中 試 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi wu nian hui shi zhong shi ti ming lu 順 治 十 五 年 會 試 中 試 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi wu nian jin shi deng ke lu 順 治 十 五 年 進 士 登 科 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi wu nian wu jin shi deng ke lu 順 治 十 五 年 武 進 士 登 科 錄 , 2 片
- Shunzhi shi wu nian wu ju hui shi lu 順 治 十 五 年 武 舉 會 試 錄 , 1 片
- Shunzhi shi wu nian zhong shi wu ju ti ming lu 順 治 十 五 年 中 試 武 舉 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi liu nian hui shi lu 順 治 十 六 年 會 試 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi liu nian hui shi zhong shi ti ming 順 治 十 六 年 會 試 中 試 題 名 , 1 片
- Shunzhi shi liu nian jin shi deng ke lu 順 治 十 六 年 進 士 登 科 錄 , 3 片
- Shunzhi shi qi nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi lu 順 治 十 七 年 順 天 府 鄉 試 錄 , 2 片
- Shunzhi shi qi nian Shuntian Fu xiang shi zhong shi-ti ming lu 順 治 十 七 年 順 天 府 鄉 試 中 試 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi qi nian Shuntian Fu wu xiang shi lu 順 治 十 七 年 順 天 府 武 鄉 試 錄, 1 片
- Shunzhi shi qi nian Shuntian Fu wu xiang shi zhong shi ti ming 順 治 十 七 年 順 天 府 武 鄉 試 中 試 題 名 , 1 片
- Shunzhi shi qi nian zhong shi wu ju ti ming lu 順 治 十 七 年 中 試 武 舉 題 名 錄, 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: feng yin 選 舉 志 封 蔭, 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: jian ju 選 舉 志 : 薦 舉 , 2 片
- Xuan ju zhi: jian ju, quan xuan 選 舉 志 : 薦 舉 , 銓 選 , 2 片
- Xuan ju zhi: jian zhuo 選 舉 志 薦 擢 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: juan na 選 舉 志 捐 納 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: kao ji 選 舉 志 : 考 績 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: ke ju, ke ju fan yi, wu ke 選 舉 志 : 科 舉 ,科 舉 翻 譯 , 武 科, 4片
- Xuan ju zhi men lei ji shi ji 選 舉 志 門 類 及 事 蹟 , 6 片
- Xuan ju zhi: shi ji 選 舉 志 : 事 績 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi shi ji: ke ju 選 舉 志 事 蹟 ﹕科 舉 , 11片
- Xuan ju zhi shi ji: ke ju 選 舉 志 事 蹟 ﹕科 舉 , 2片
- Xuan ju zhi shi ji: quan xuan 選 舉 志 事 蹟 ﹕ 銓 選 , 3 片
- Xuan ju zhi shi ji: quan xuan, jian ju 選 舉 志 事 蹟 ﹕ 銓 選 , 薦 舉 , 7 片
- Xuan ju zhi: tui xuan 選 舉 志 : 推 選 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: wen ke 選 舉 志 : 文 科, 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: wu ke 選 舉 志 : 武 科, 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: xue xiao 選 舉 志 : 學 校 , 1 片
- Xuan ju zhi: xue xiao shang, wen ke shang xia, wu ke 選 舉 志 : 學 校 上,文 科 上 下 , 武 科 , 3 片
- Xuan ju zhi: xue xiao xue guan, wai deng xue xiao 選 舉 志 : 學 校 學 官 , 外 等 學 校 , 4 片
- Xuan ju zhi: zhi ke 選 舉 志 制 科 , 1 片
d. Examination Sources on Microfilm: Qing Dynasty Examination Rolls: 清 代 科 舉 中 式 與 職 官 蒞 任 遷 除 名 錄 微 卷 Published By The Center For Chinese Research Materials, Washington, D.C.
- (1) RA137-RA155: 鄉 試 題 名 錄
- (2) RA118-RA133: 同 官 錄
- (3) RA134: 縉 紳 錄
(1) *RA137-RA155. 鄉 試 題 名 錄 (Lists of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination During the Qing Dynasty):
- RA137. Quan guo xiang hui shi ti ming lu (National Lists of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examinations) 全 國 鄉 會 試 題 名 錄1673, 1747, 1751, 1789, 1804, 1811, 1813, 1822, 1829, 1833, 1835, 1837, 1849, 1850, 1852, 1860, 1862, 1863, 1868, 1873, 1874, 1876, 1882, 1885, 1886, 1889, 1890, 1894, 1895, 1897, 1898, 1900, 1901, 1904, 1906, 1909附﹕
- 國 朝 館 選 錄
- 國 朝 貢 舉 年 表
- 宗 室 貢 舉 備 考
- 順 康 雍 三 朝 會 試 題 名
- 國 朝 詞 垣 考 鏡
- 游 庠 錄
- 清 秘 述 聞
- 鄉 會 試 朱 卷 匯 輯
- RA138. Shuntian xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Shuntian County) 順 天 鄉 試 錄1714, 1794, 1843, 1844, 1858, 1870, 1875, 1876, 1879, 1889, 1891, 1893, 1894, 1900, 1901, 1903.
- RA139. Zhi sheng xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Zhili Province) 直 省 鄉 試 錄1831, 1834, 1843, 1851, 1904, 1907
- RA140. Jiangnan xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Jiangsu Province) 江 南 鄉 試 錄1879, 1885, 1888, 1893, 1901, 1903.附 ﹕
- 蘇 州 長 元 吳 三 邑 科 第 譜
- 歷 朝 歲 試
- 國 朝 三 邑 諸 生 譜
- 國 朝 常 熟 題 名 錄
- RA141. Zhejiang xiang shi lu (List of successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Zhejiang Province) 浙 江 鄉 試 錄1835, 1851, 1855, 1870, 1879, 1882, 1885, 1889, 1893.附 ﹕
- 國 朝 兩 浙 科 名 錄
- 吳 與 科 第 表
- RA142. Fujian xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Fukien Province) 福 建 鄉 試 錄1751, 1752, 1875, 1876, 1879, 1882, 1885, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1893, 1897.
- RA143. Hubei xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Hupeh Province) 湖 北 鄉 試 錄1879, 1885, 1900, 1901
- RA144. Hunan xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Hunan Province) 湖 南 鄉 試 錄1888, 1903
- RA145. Henan xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Henan Province) 河 南 鄉 試 錄1759, 1760, 1768, 1774, 1779, 1780, 1825, 1828, 1831, 1851, 1859, 1885, 1888, 1903.
- RA146. Jiangxi xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Jiangxi Province) 江 西 鄉 試 錄1873, 1875, 1876, 1879, 1885, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1900, 1901.
- RA147. Guangdong xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Guangdong Province) 廣 東 鄉 試 錄1852, 1900.
- RA148. Guangxi xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Guangxi Province) 廣 西 鄉 試 錄1867, 1893, 1901, 1903.
- RA149. Shanxi xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Shanxi Province) 山 西 鄉 試 錄1726, 1798, 1873, 1900, 1901, 1903.
- RA150. Shandong xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Shandong Province) 山 東 鄉 試 錄1672, 1723, 1724, 1756, 1777, 1789, 1837, 1843, 1849, 1852, 1855, 1864, 1870, 1873, 1879, 1882, 1888, 1891, 1894, 1900, 1901, 1903.
- RA151. Ssu-ch’uan xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Zichuan Province) 四 川 鄉 試 錄1885, 1893, 1900, 1901. 附 ﹕ 國 朝 全 蜀 貢 舉 備 考
- RA152. Shanxi xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Shensi Province) 陜 西 鄉 試 錄1690, 1873, 1875, 1876, 1879, 1885, 1888, 1889, 1891, 1894, 1897, 1900, 1901.附 ﹕
- 陜 西 歷 科 進 士 錄
- 陜 甘 拔 貢 同 年 齒 錄
- RA153. Gansu xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Kansu Province) 甘 肅 鄉 試 錄1873, 1875, 1876, 1888, 1889, 1894, 1900, 1903.
- RA154. Yunnan xiang shi lu (List of Successful Candidates in the Imperial Examination in Yunnan Province) 云 南 鄉 試 錄1855, 1879, 1882, 1888, 1891, 1894, 1903.
(2) Lists Of Fellow Officials In Local Government In China 同 官 錄:
- RA118. Chung-chou tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Henan Province) 中 州 同 官 錄1847, 1880, 1885, 1890, 1905, 1909.
- RA119. Henan tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Henan Province) 河 南 同 官 錄1915, 1921, 1922.
- RA120. Chi-fu tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Peking Province) 畿 輔 同 官 錄1904, 1915.
- RA121. Guangdong tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in kwangtung Province) 廣 東 同 官 錄1880, 1915.
- RA122. Shanyou tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Shanxi Province) 山 右 同 官 錄1891, 1892, 1900, 1907, 1911.
- RA123. Wanjiang tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Anhui Province) 皖 江 同 官 錄1871
- RA124. Anhui tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Anhui Province) 安 徽 同 官 錄 ( 附 1907, 1908 安 徽 省 城 各 學 堂 局 所 ? ?職 名 表 )1906, 1907, 1908.
- RA125. Anhui xiu zhen tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Anhui Province, Pocket Edition) 安 徽 袖 珍 同 官 錄 :1911.
- RA126. Zhejiang tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Zhejiang Province) 浙 江 同 官 錄1886.
- RA127. Shandong tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Shandong Province) 山 東 同 官 錄1778, 1859, 1905, 1911.
- RA128. Jiangxi tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Jiangxi Province) 江 西 同 官 錄:1911.
- RA129. Jiangsu tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Jiangsu Province) 江 蘇 同 官 錄:1880.
- RA130. Jiangnan Jiangning tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Nanking) 江 南 江 寧 同 官 錄:1886.
- RA131. Guanzhong tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Shensi Province) 關 中 同 官 錄 :1885.
- RA132. Chu sheng ba qi Feng Zhi wu zhi tong guan lu (List of Fellow Military Officials in Hupeh Province from Eight Banners, Fengtian and Zhili) 楚 省 八 旗 奉 直 武 秩 同 官 錄:1879.
- RA133. Ba qi Feng Zhi Huan Yu tong guan lu (List of Fellow Officials in Henan Province from Eight banners, Fengtian and Zhili) 八 旗 奉 直 宦 豫 同 官 錄: 1909.
Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) Civil Examinations
- 1148, Shaoxing shi ba nian tong nian xiao lu 紹 興 十 八 年 同 年 小 錄 (Minutiae for graduates of the 1148 civil examination). Jin shi 進 士 roll
- 1256, Baoyou si nian deng ke lu 寶 佑 四 年 登 科 錄 (1256 Palace Jin shi roll)
See also:
- Hsu Nai-ch’ang, collator. Song Yuan ke ju san lu 宋 元 科 舉 三 錄 (Three records of Song-Yuan civil examinations). 1923 reissue based on earlier editions.
- Li Fang 李 昉, et al., compilers. Tai ping yu lan 太 平 御 覽. Reprint Taibei: Commercial Press, 1968.
- Ma Duanlin 馬 端 臨, compiler. Wen xian tong kao 文 獻 通 考 (Comprehensive analysis of civil institutions). In Shi tong 十 通 (Ten Comprehensive Encyclopedias). Shanghai Commercial Press, 1936.
- Qin Huitian 秦 蕙 田, compiler. Wu li tong kao 五 禮 通 考 (Comprehensive analysis of the five ritual texts). 1761 edition.
- Song hui yao ji gao 宋 會 要 輯 稿 (Draft compendium of Song collected statutes). Reprint Taibei: Shi jie shu ju, 1964.
- Tang Song ke chang yi wen lu 唐 宋 科 場 異 聞 錄 (Recording unusual matters heard in the T’ang and Song examination grounds). Canton, Wei jing tang shu fang 味 經 堂 書 坊 edition. Qiantang, 1873 reprint.
- Wang Yinglin 王 應 麟, compiler. Yu hai 玉 海 (Jade sea). Reprint Taibei: Hua wen shu ju, 1964.
- Yun lue tiao shi 韻 略 條 式. Southern Song manual for civil examinations.
- Zhu Xizhao 朱 希 召, compiler. Song li ke zhuang yuan lu 宋 歷 科 狀 元 錄 (Record of optimi from palace examinations of the Song). Ming Jiajing 嘉 靖 edition. Reprint Taipei: Wen hai, 1981.
Yuan Dynasty (1280-1367) Civil Examinations
- 1314 Jiangxi xiang shi lu 江 西 鄉 試 錄 (Jiangxi provincial roll)
- 1315 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1317 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1321 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1324 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1327 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1330 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1333 Hui shi lu 會 試 錄 (Metropolitan roll)
- 1333 Yuantong yuan nian jin shi lu 元 統 元 年 進 士 錄 (Palace Jin shi roll)
- 1335 Huguang xiang shi lu 湖 廣 鄉 試 錄 (Huguang provincial roll)
- 1350 Shandong xiang shi lu 山 東 鄉 試 題 名 記 (Provincial roll)
- 1351 Jin shi ti ming lu 進 士 題 名 記 (Jin shi roll)
- 1360 Guo zi jian gong shi ti ming ji 國 子 監 貢 士 題 名 記 (Jin shi roll)
- 1362 Shandong xiang shi ti ming bei ji 山 東 鄉 試 題 名 碑 記 (Provincial roll)
- 1366 Guo zi jian gong shi ti ming ji 國 子 監 貢 士 題 名 記 (Jin shi roll)
See also:
- Cheng Duanli 程 端 禮 , compiler. Cheng shi jia shu du shu fen nian ri cheng 程 氏 家 塾 讀 書 分 年 日 程. 1315 preface. Qing edition.
- Qian Daxin 錢 大 昕, compiler. Yuan jin shi kao 元 進 士 考. Qing draft.
- Song Yuan Ming san chao zhuang yuan ji di 宋 元 明 三 朝 狀 元 及 第 . Ming edition.
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